龔鵬程 ✕ 馬克.歐菲爾德|音樂能深刻地動搖控制感

2021/10/01閱讀時間約 15 分鐘
Photo by Ahmad Odeh on Unsplash
龔鵬程對話海外學者第三期:在後現代情境中,被技術統治的人類社會,只有強化交談、重建溝通倫理,才能獲得文化新生的力量。這不是誰的理論,而是每個人都應實踐的活動。龔鵬程先生遊走世界,並曾主持過「世界漢學研究中心」。我們會陸續推出「龔鵬程對話海外學者」系列文章,請他對話一些學界有意義的靈魂。範圍不局限於漢學,會涉及多種學科。以期深山長谷之水,四面而出。
馬克.歐菲爾德 (Mark Oldfield)
馬克.歐菲爾德 (Mark Oldfield)畢業於英國皇家音樂學院(Royal College of Music),現任教於英國皇家戲劇藝術學院(Royal Academy of Dramatic Art)。馬克有著精湛的演唱與表演技藝,曾在多家國際知名歌劇團擔任主唱,包括蘇黎世歌劇工坊(Opera Factory Zurich)、英國皇家歌劇團(The Royal Opera)、布魯塞爾皇家鑄幣局劇院(La Monnaie, Brussels)等。他被英國《每日電訊報》(Daily Telegraph)稱為「一位具有豐富表現力的男中音和成熟表演能力的歌唱家」(A singer with a richly expressive baritone and mature acting ability),同時英國《泰晤士報》(The Times)讚譽其「有著動人之聲」(Mark Oldfield is in fine voice)。
龔鵬程:您好!您畢業於英國皇家音樂學院,現在又任教於英國皇家戲劇藝術學院,能向我們介紹一下英國的藝術教育嗎?
馬克.歐菲爾德:龔教授,您好。我的經驗和學習給了我技能和平台,讓我找到了代理經理,在國際上發展。在歌劇、音樂會和獨唱會中擔任男中音獨唱。我目前的工作重心是擔任教師和創意項目的聲樂顧問。
我自己的學習、職業和持續的培訓影響著我的實踐,來幫助我在兩所倫敦大學(京斯敦和密德薩斯)的本科及碩士歌唱專業的學生,以及皇家戲劇藝術學院的演員歌手。
我的目標是説明每個學生的個人學習,並為他們提供工具,讓他們在展現技藝時做出明智的選擇,在職業生涯中表達真實並持久發展。
要進入每個課程,學生都要進行試鏡,並且要滿足旨在使學生和課程良好配合的標準,從而能充分幫助學習。
My experience and learning gave me the skills and platform to find an agent manager and have an international career as a baritone soloist in opera, concerts, and recitals. My focus is now as a teacher and vocal animateur for creative projects. My practice is informed by my own studies, career, and on-going training to support my undergraduate and masters singing students at two London Universities [Kingston and Middlesex] and actor-singers at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. My aim is to support each student in their individual learning and to provide tools for them to make informed choices in the delivery of their craft, with authenticity and sustainability for a professional career. To enter each course, students audition and must satisfy criteria designed to enable a good fit of student and course and to fully support learning.
龔鵬程:您也曾在許多國際知名歌劇團擔任主唱,是不是也為我們講講歐洲歌劇目前的生態、演出狀況和前景?
馬克.歐菲爾德:自從我畢業以來,歐洲的歌劇界發生了很大的變化。它現在是一個國際性的全球產業。歌唱家必須是技藝精湛的歌手、演員和語言學家,而且想成功,也要有良好的形象。社會上更廣泛的品味最終影響了人們對這一技藝的看法和欣賞。
為了保持工作,歌手們經常從一個專案到另一個專案,只有少數人(通常是年輕歌手)能夠留在一個地方,與某個公司簽訂長期合同,這是常態。財政上的限制總是對今天的可能性起著很大的作用,不同的歐洲國家有自己的藝術資助模式。
藝術環境當然不穩定,但總是豐富而令人進取的;儘管有資金、政策變化和流行病的挑戰,但往往是由熱情的個人和團體發起的。
The operatic scene in Europe has changed a lot since I graduated. It is now an international global industry. Singers have to be highly skilled singers, actors, linguists, and it helps to look good too to succeed. Broader tastes of society have ultimately affected how the craft is perceived and enjoyed. It is common for singers to travel a lot from project to project to keep working with only a few [often young singers] able to stay in one place on a longer term contract with a particular company. Financial restrictions always play a strong part in what is possible today, with different European countries having their own model for funding the arts. The arts environment is certainly not stable but always rich and enterprising; often initiated by passionate individuals and groups despite funding, policy changes and pandemic challenges.
龔鵬程:表演藝術家和學院教師,能力及處境有時是不一樣的。好的詩人,未必能教詩,所以中國古代詩話常批評學塾教師的作品和講義。現代大學內部也常有鄙視藝術學院教師學術能力的風氣。像北大歌劇學院開課、聘教授,就常碰到這類問題,教授升等靠論文,歌唱家也要求他寫論文嗎?這樣的問題,在中國很普遍,是藝術界和教育界常見的困擾,英國也會這樣嗎?怎麼處理的?
馬克.歐菲爾德:您的觀點很有趣,我也注意到了。根據我的經驗和觀察,近年來,大學裡的教學法和實踐一直在變化,正在向更學術的方向發展。
的確不應該有任何命令性的規則。一個才華橫溢的表演者或學者不一定能成為一個好老師。但如果老師有在觀眾或試鏡小組面前唱歌的親身經歷,能夠與學生產生共鳴,了解學生歌手可能面臨的情境和挑戰,這是很好的。
教學不僅僅是傳授知識,更重要的是促進和引導學生體驗,讓他們自己意識到並學習,從而獲得更持久和真實的表演。一個好的老師和相關要點的學習規劃(表演、動作、語言等)在世界各地的高等教育中並不總是容易找到。這是一個精細的平衡。
An interesting point and I note it. From my experience and observation, pedagogy and practice have been changing over recent years with a move towards a more academic approach in universities. There should be no prescriptive rules. A brilliantly gifted performer or academic does not necessarily make for a good teacher. It is good to have a teacher who has personal experience of singing before an audience or audition panel to be able to empathise with students and understand possible scenarios and challenges facing a student singer. Teaching isn’t solely about imparting knowledge but a lot about facilitating and guiding a student through an experience for them to realise and learn for themselves for a more sustainable and authentic performance. A good teacher and a learning programme in related elements [ acting, movement, languages etc] are not always easily found in Higher Education the world over. It is a fine balance.
龔鵬程:最近阿富汗局勢令人憂心,據說塔利班反對音樂,故其國家音樂學院已經關閉了,未來命運未卜。這讓人想起柏拉圖主張他的理想國中不可有詩人和七弦琴手。波斯人希波達摩斯(Hippodamus)的理想城市,也要把詩人、演員、藝術家都驅逐出去。我們中國人一向喜歡音樂、推崇音樂,認為音樂代表天地和諧的狀態,對這種仇視音樂的態度,真是不能理解。感覺上,歐洲更是音樂流淌如泉水的地方,您能不能替我們分析分析音樂既受崇尚又遭敵視的現象?
馬克.歐菲爾德:是的,在當局削減作為人類本質的東西時,總是令人難過。對於這個問題,我只能根據我的生活經歷和觀察給出我的觀點。
音樂,尤其是唱歌(發聲表達和/或敘述)在許多文化中根深蒂固。因為唱歌需要深度的呼吸,並挖掘出自己的內在感覺,它能以一種深刻的方式滋養和團結個人和群體。這種深度創造了一種個人的自我力量感,其影響可以是變革性的和積極的。它也可以動搖個人的控制感。我可以想像,所有這些對於那些想要約束真實表達的人來說,將是一個危險的現象。
Yes, it is always sad when authorities curtail what is the essence of being human. I can only give my perspective on this question based on my lived experiences and observations. Music and, especially singing [vocalising an expression and/or narrative] are deeply embedded in many cultures. Because singing requires a depth of breathing and taps into an internal sense of oneself, it can nourish and unite individuals and groups in a profound way. This depth creates a sense of individual self-power, and the impact can be transformative and positive. It can also rock someone’s sense of control. All this, I can imagine, would be a dangerous phenomenon for those wishing to discipline true expression.
龔鵬程:對於東方音樂,或東西方音樂交流,您是怎麼看的?
馬克.歐菲爾德:在過去的幾年裡,我對非西方音樂有了更多的了解。與國際學生一起工作和廣泛的旅行,激發了我去學習以及不斷學習。我認為東方和西方的音樂從業者和組織還需要做更多的工作,讓我們都覺得能夠自信和完整地傳遞彼此的音樂。我想說,合作專案是跨文化交流和創造性互動增加的一個積極成果。願此長存。
Over the past few years I have learnt more about non Western music. Working with international students and having travelled widely, have inspired me to learn and keep learning. I think more work has still to be done by practitioners and organisations of music, East and West, for us all to feel able to deliver each other’s music with confidence and integrity. I will say that collaborative projects are a positive outcome of increased communication and creative interaction across cultures. Long may this be.
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龔鵬程大講堂
龔鵬程大講堂
龔鵬程,當代著名學者和思想家。 辦有大學、出版社、雜誌社、書院,並規劃城市建設、主題園區等。講學世界各地,現為美國龔鵬程基金會主席。已出版論著150餘種,包括《文學與美學》《儒學新思》《中國文學批評史論》《俠的精神文化史論》等。微信號:龚鹏程大讲堂。微博:weibo.com/u/1101501605
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