烏裔美國海軍陸戰隊給同胞的城鎮戰建議

本文請盡量轉發、來源為u/Ukraine貼文（https://www.reddit.com/r/ukraine/comments/t1ntcb/urban_warfare_tips_from_a_former_marine/?utm_medium=android_app&utm_source=share）

（譯註，本文不以中文文法改變語序、譯者非相關專業，敬請見諒。）

I am a former U.S. Marine and am of Ukrainian ancestry. I can’t even believe I am making a post like this and it will probably get buried, but if someone has the ability to translate it to Ukrainian please do. I fought in Iraq and was an urban warfare instructor.

我是一名祖籍烏克蘭的前美國海軍陸戰隊。我不敢相信我在寫這種貼文，而且，本文也可能會被埋沒，但如果任何人有能力將此翻譯成烏克蘭文，請這麼作。我曾經於伊拉克作戰過，且曾任城鎮作戰教官。

For the defenders of Kiev, here are a few tips I can offer that I can say worked in Iraq (to the Iraqis advantage) :

致基輔的守衛者，以下是我可以提供的幾項建議（對伊拉克人來說非常有效的）：

1.) Stay out of the street.

遠離街道

2.) Stay out of street.

遠離街道

3.) For the love of God, stay out of the street. The worst place to be in an urban warfare environment is to be outside.

天殺的遠離街道。城鎮戰中最危險的莫過於是戶外。

4.) Doors are called “the fatal funnel.” It is human nature to try and enter through a door. Aim all your weapons at the door to maximize the number of kills.

門戶被稱為「致命通道」。人的本能是從門進入（室內）。將武器瞄準門以最大化傷亡。

5.) Block the door from the inside with anything you can, furniture, chairs, booby-traps (explosives). The idea is to make the invaders think the door isn’t blocked. That way when they try to enter they remain exposed for the longest amount of time possible.

以家具、椅子、詭雷（爆裂物）阻擋門；但要讓入侵者認為門並未被堵住。這樣會使他們在試圖進入時暴露（於我方火力）最長的時間。

6.) Stairways are another good killing zone. Block stairways with any obstacles you can to slow down invaders.

樓梯間是另一個良好的殺戮區。以障礙物阻擋樓梯間以減慢入侵者。

7.) if you throw grenades downstairs, have your magazine fully topped off and ready. The invaders will most likely run up the stairs to run past the grenade blast. You’ll need all the ammo you have to gun as many down as possible.

如果要往樓下丟手榴彈，記得先將彈匣全部填滿並備便。入侵者最有可能會衝上樓以躲避爆炸範圍。你會需要所有能夠槍殺入侵者的彈藥。

8.) When possible, cut small holes in the floor into the rooms below to fire into. People breaching rooms will look for threats directly in front of them and usually don’t look above or below until last.

假設有可能的話，在地板（二樓或以上）切出孔洞以向下方房間開火。破門的人通常會向前搜索威脅，且通常會在最後才往上或往下看。

9.) Don’t sling your weapon around your body. If things go hand-to-hand it will hinder you.

別將背帶環過身體。在近戰肉搏中那會妨礙你。

10.) Have a knife, spade, or club close by and readily available. If you have to fight hand-to-hand it’s much more handy than a rifle.

準備一把刀/鏟/棍，備在身邊觸手可及處。在徒手搏鬥中，這比步槍好用多了。

11.) Never fire from the same window twice.

別從同一扇窗戶重複開槍。

12.) Never stick the muzzle of your rifle outside of a window. Don’t expose it.

別將步槍槍口伸出窗戶，別暴露。

13.) Shoot from deep inside the room out of the window. It will help hide the muzzle flash and reduce the noise making it hard to tell where it came from.

自房間內側開火。這能夠隱藏槍口閃焰並降低爆鳴，讓功方更難判斷子彈來向。

14.) If you wound an enemy, don’t kill him. Let his friends come to help him. Moving a wounding a soldier means it will take 4 men out of the fight to carry him away. That’s four less rifles firing at you.

假設你擊傷敵人，別殺死他。讓他的朋友來幫他。移動傷兵意味有四人脫離戰鬥好將他搬離。那是四把可能會朝你開火的步槍。

15.) Shoot the men trying to evacuate the wounded soldier. It will demoralize them and take even more men out of the fight to evacuate him.

朝試圖撤離傷兵的人員開火。這會打擊他們士氣並讓更多人脫離戰鬥以撤離他。

16.) Keep as many carbohydrates on you and remember to eat and hydrate. Urban warfare is incredibly intensive.

準備越多碳水化合物越好，記得吃、喝。城鎮作戰是非常激烈的。

17.) Keep moving. Never stay in one spot very long.

保持移動。別在同個地點待太久。

18.) One very accurately placed shot can hold up a lot of people for a very long time. You don’t have to be a sniper. You just have to convince them there is one in the area.

瞄準得非常好的一槍能夠釘住很多人很久。你不需要是一個狙擊手。你只需要讓他們相信有一個狙擊手在該區域內。

19.) Utilize the sewers in subways to move whenever possible.

盡量利用下水道與地鐵來移動。

20.) Whenever possible, try to let other friendlies know where you are at to avoid friendly fire. It’s very easy to start shooting at each other in an urban environment.

如果可能的話，讓友軍知道你在那裡以避免友軍誤擊。在城鎮戰中很有可能會友軍誤擊。

21.) It may be consuming, but take the tracers out of your ammunition supply and refrain from using them.

雖然會很繁瑣，但把曳光彈從彈藥儲備中移除、避免使用它們。

22.) have one magazine of all tracer rounds. Use this magazine only when you need to let everyone else (friends) know where an enemy is located at. (Across the street, in a park, which window). After using it run like hell and get away from where you just were.

將一個彈匣裝滿那些曳光彈。在需要向友軍標定敵方位置時再使用這支彈匣（街道另一段、公園裡、哪個窗戶）。在使用它後立刻逃離所在位置。

I don’t know what else to write, and I hope to God none of you ever have to use it. God be with you all. As someone with Ukrainian ancestry it tears

me apart to not be able to be there with you.

我不知道該再寫些什麼，我期望神保佑你們不需要用到這些建議。神與你們同在。作為烏克蘭裔，我為不能與你們同在而感到撕心裂肺。

Glory to Ukraine.

榮光歸於烏克蘭。

Edit: A few extras.

編輯：額外幾點，

23.) Ammunition goes fast. Conserve what you have.

彈藥消耗非常快。盡量節約。

24.) 10 men firing from several different buildings can appear to be a small army and stop a lot of people.

10人自幾幢建築物開火會看起來像一隻小軍隊、能夠拒止很多人。

25.) Rip down street signs, deface building names, and do anything to strip the identity of where you are at. This will add confusion to an invading force.

扯下路標，掩蓋建物名稱，盡量掩飾你的位置。這會迷惑侵略部隊。

26.) Evacuate your wounded in a timely manner possible.

盡快撤離友方傷員。

27.) if the enemy suddenly pulls back, GET THE FUCK OUT OF THE AREA. It doesn’t mean you’re winning. It means they are going to call and heavy artillery or an air strike on your position.

如果敵方突然撤離，他媽立刻逃離該區域。別管友方佔優勢。這表示敵方將以重火力、空襲轟炸你的位置。

28.) if you are going to lose an area, poison common water supplies. Most likely an enemy will try to refill their supplies at the closest source.

如果你將喪失某個區域，在水源下毒。敵方會試圖以最近的物資來補充他們的補給。

29.) Cluster your booby traps in close proximity to create paranoia.

盡量聚集詭雷、將他們擺在附近以製造恐慌。

30.) Always keep on the move. Never stay in the same place for long.

一直保持移動，別在同個地點待太久。