406. 鑄造, 銷毀 - ERC721 (ep.28)

1. 鑄造新代幣 function mint(address to, uint256 tokeId)

1. 鑄造, 即無中生有
2. 只有合約擁有者或這特殊權限的人才能呼叫
3. 同時也是一種轉帳, 由address 0X0轉到目標帳號(to)
4. 由於是轉帳, 因此也要觸發Transfer事件
5. 限制

• 不能鑄造給address 0
• tokenID 不能重複

2. 安全地鑄造新代幣 function safemint(address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data)

1. 跟轉帳一樣, 安全版本就是在轉移發生後呼叫 onERC721Received的檢查

3. 安全地鑄造新代幣 function safemint(address to, uint256 tokenId)

1. 跟轉帳一樣, 直接呼叫safemint(ot, tokenId, "")

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.23;

interface IERC721Receiver {
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator, 
        address from, 
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

interface IERC721{
    // Event
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 tokenId);
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);
    
    //Query
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns(uint256 balance);
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    //Transfer
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes calldata data) external;
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    // Approve
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
    function setApprovalforAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns(bool);
    // Mint
    function mint(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
    function safemint(address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) external; 
    function safemint(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
    // Burn
    function burn(uint256 tokenId) external;
}   

contract ERC721 is IERC721 {
    mapping(address => uint256) _balances;
    mapping(uint256 => address) _owners;
    mapping(uint256 => address) _tokenApprovals;
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) _operatorApprovals; 

    function balanceOf(address owner) public view returns(uint256){
        require(owner != address(0), "ERROR: address 0 cannot be owner");
        return _balances[owner];
    }

    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view returns (address){
        address owner = _owners[tokenId];
        require(owner != address(0), "ERROR: tokenId is not valid Id");
        return owner;
    }

    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public {
        address owner = _owners[tokenId];
        require(owner != to,"ERROR: owner == to");
        require(owner == msg.sender || isApprovedForAll(owner, msg.sender), "Error: Caller is not token owner / approved for all");
        _tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
        emit Approval(owner, to, tokenId);
    }

    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view returns (address){
        address owner = _owners[tokenId];
        require(owner != address(0), "ERROR: Token is not minted or is burn");
        return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
    }

    function setApprovalforAll(address operator, bool _approved) public {
        require(msg.sender != operator, "ERROR: owner == operator");
        _operatorApprovals[msg.sender][operator] = _approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(msg.sender, operator, _approved); 
    }
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view returns(bool){
        return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
    }

    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) public {
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) internal {
        address owner = _owners[tokenId];
        require(owner == from, "ERROR: Owner is not the from address");
        require(msg.sender == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, msg.sender) || getApproved(tokenId) == msg.sender, "ERROR: Caller doesn't have permission to transfer");
        delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
        _balances[from] -= 1;
        _balances[to] += 1;
        _owners[tokenId] = to;
        emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes calldata data) public {
       _safeTransfer(from, to, tokenId, data);
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) public {
        _safeTransfer(from, to, tokenId, ""); 
    }

    function _safeTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) internal {
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId); 
        require(_checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, data), "ERROR: ERCReceiver is not implemented");
    }

    function mint(address to, uint256 tokenId) public {
        require(to != address(0), "ERROR: Mint to address 0");
        address owner = _owners[tokenId];
        require(owner == address(0), "ERROR: tokenId existed");
        _balances[to] += 1;
        _owners[tokenId] = to;
        emit Transfer(address(0), to, tokenId);
    }

    function safemint(address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) public {
        mint(to, tokenId);
        require(_checkOnERC721Received(address(0), to, tokenId, data), "ERROR: ERCReceiver is not implemented");
    }

    function safemint(address to, uint256 tokenId) public {
        safemint(to, tokenId, "");
    }

    function burn(uint256 tokenId) public {
        address owner = _owners[tokenId];
        require(msg.sender == owner, "ERROR: only owner can burn");
        _balances[_owners[tokenId]] -= 1;
        delete _owners[tokenId];
        delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
        emit Transfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);
    }

        function _checkOnERC721Received(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) private returns (bool) {
        if (to.code.length > 0 /* to is a contract*/) {
            try IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(msg.sender, from, tokenId, data) returns (bytes4 retval) {
                return retval == IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector;
            } catch (bytes memory reason) {
                if (reason.length == 0) {
                    revert("ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
                } else {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            return true;
        }
    }
}