英文的五大句型 by mr gary +牛刀小試
英文的五大句型是英文文法中的基本架構，幫助學習者理解句子結構。以下是五大句型的概述：
1. **主詞 + 動詞 (S + V)**
這是最簡單的句型，句子包含主詞和動詞。
例句：**She runs.** （她跑步。）
2. **主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞 (S + V + O)**
動詞後面有一個受詞，這個受詞是動作的接受者。
例句：**He eats an apple.** （他吃了一個蘋果。）
3. **主詞 + 動詞 + 補語 (S + V + C)**
動詞後面的補語描述主詞的狀態或身份。
例句：**She is a teacher.** （她是一位老師。）
4. **主詞 + 動詞 + 間接受詞 + 直接受詞 (S + V + IO + DO)**
動詞後面有兩個受詞，一個是間接受詞（通常是人），一個是直接受詞（通常是物）。
例句：**He gave her a gift.** （他送她一個禮物。）
5. **主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞 + 補語 (S + V + O + C)**
受詞後面的補語進一步說明受詞的狀態或特性。
例句：**They elected him president.** （他們選他為總統。）
這些句型可以幫助你分析和理解各種英文句子的結構。
### **選擇題：**
1. **Which of the following sentences is an example of "Subject + Verb (S + V)" structure?**
**以下哪一句是「主詞 + 動詞 (S + V)」結構的例子？**
- a) She eats an apple.
- b) They are playing soccer.
- c) He runs.
- d) He gave her a book.
**解答：c) He runs.**
**解釋**：這是一個簡單的「主詞 + 動詞」結構，沒有受詞。
2. **Which sentence follows the "Subject + Verb + Object (S + V + O)" structure?**
**哪個句子遵循「主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞 (S + V + O)」結構？**
- a) He is happy.
- b) She sings a song.
- c) The cake is delicious.
- d) They became friends.
**解答：b) She sings a song.**
**解釋**：該句包含主詞、動詞和受詞。
3. **What is the sentence structure of "She is a teacher"?**
**「She is a teacher」的句子結構是什麼？**
- a) S + V + O
- b) S + V
- c) S + V + C
- d) S + V + IO + DO
**解答：c) S + V + C**
**解釋**：這裡的 "a teacher" 是補語，描述主詞的狀態。
4. **Which of the following sentences uses the "Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object (S + V + IO + DO)" structure?**
**哪一句使用「主詞 + 動詞 + 間接受詞 + 直接受詞 (S + V + IO + DO)」結構？**
- a) He gave me the book.
- b) The sky is blue.
- c) They elected him president.
- d) She runs every morning.
**解答：a) He gave me the book.**
**解釋**：這句有兩個受詞，一個間接受詞 "me"，一個直接受詞 "the book"。
5. **Which sentence follows the "Subject + Verb + Object + Complement (S + V + O + C)" structure?**
**哪一個句子遵循「主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞 + 補語 (S + V + O + C)」結構？**
- a) They elected him captain.
- b) He eats lunch.
- c) She runs fast.
- d) The man is tall.
**解答：a) They elected him captain.**
**解釋**："captain" 是補語，用來進一步說明受詞 "him" 的狀態。
6. **In the sentence "He gave her a gift," which word is the indirect object (IO)?**
**在句子「He gave her a gift」中，哪個詞是間接受詞？**
- a) He
- b) Her
- c) A gift
- d) Gave
**解答：b) Her**
**解釋**："Her" 是接受動作的間接受詞，"a gift" 是直接受詞。
7. **Which sentence represents the "Subject + Verb + Complement (S + V + C)" structure?**
**哪一句代表「主詞 + 動詞 + 補語 (S + V + C)」結構？**
- a) The cake tastes sweet.
- b) He gave her a gift.
- c) I like chocolate.
- d) She runs fast.
**解答：a) The cake tastes sweet.**
**解釋**：這裡的 "sweet" 是補語，描述主詞 "the cake" 的性質。
8. **In the sentence "They made him captain," what is the complement (C)?**
**在句子「They made him captain」中，哪個詞是補語 (C)？**
- a) They
- b) Made
- c) Him
- d) Captain
**解答：d) Captain**
**解釋**："Captain" 是補語，說明 "him" 的狀態。
9. **Which of the following sentences is an example of "Subject + Verb + Object (S + V + O)" structure?**
**以下哪一句是「主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞 (S + V + O)」結構的例子？**
- a) She is a doctor.
- b) He swims every day.
- c) They built a house.
- d) We became friends.
**解答：c) They built a house.**
**解釋**：該句有主詞 "They"、動詞 "built" 和受詞 "a house"。
10. **Which sentence follows the "Subject + Verb" (S + V) structure?**
**哪個句子遵循「主詞 + 動詞 (S + V)」結構？**
- a) She loves ice cream.
- b) He is a good player.
- c) We laughed.
- d) They gave her a book.
**解答：c) We laughed.**
**解釋**：這是一個簡單的「主詞 + 動詞」結構，沒有受詞。
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### **填空題：**
1. **In the sentence "She sings beautifully," the structure is "Subject + Verb + ________."**
**在句子「She sings beautifully」中，結構是「主詞 + 動詞 + ________。」**
**解答：Adverb**
**解釋**：這裡 "beautifully" 是副詞，用來修飾動詞 "sings"。
2. **In the sentence "He gave her a book," "her" is the ________ object and "a book" is the ________ object.**
**在句子「He gave her a book」中，"her" 是 ________ 受詞，而 "a book" 是 ________ 受詞。**
**解答：indirect, direct**
**解釋**："Her" 是間接受詞，"a book" 是直接受詞。
3. **In the sentence "They elected him president," "president" is the ________.**
**在句子「They elected him president」中，"president" 是 ________。**
**解答：complement**
**解釋**："President" 是補語，描述受詞 "him" 的狀態。
4. **In a sentence following the "S + V + O" structure, the verb is usually followed by a(n) ________.**
**在「S + V + O」結構的句子中，動詞之後通常跟著一個 ________。**
**解答：object**
**解釋**：在這種句型中，動詞之後通常有一個受詞。
5. **In the sentence "She is a doctor," the word "doctor" is the ________.**
**在句子「She is a doctor」中，"doctor" 是 ________。**
**解答：complement**
**解釋**："Doctor" 是補語，用來描述主詞 "She" 的身份。
6. **In the sentence "He gave me a gift," the structure is "S + V + ________ + ________."**
**在句子「He gave me a gift」中，結構是「S + V + ________ + ________。」**
**解答：IO (Indirect Object), DO (Direct Object)**
**解釋**："Me" 是間接受詞，"a gift" 是直接受詞。
7. **In the sentence "They built a house," the word "house" is the ________.**
**在句子「They built a house」中，"house" 是 ________。**
**解答：object**
**解釋**："House" 是受詞，接受動詞 "built" 的動作。
8. **In the sentence "He runs fast," the word "fast" is an example of a(n) ________ that describes the verb.**
**在句子「He runs fast」中，"fast" 是 ________ 的例子，用來描述動詞。**
**解答：adverb**
**解釋**：這裡 "fast" 是副詞，用來修飾動詞 "runs"。
9. **In a "S + V + C" sentence, the complement provides information about the ________.
**
**在「S + V + C」句子中，補語提供有關 ________ 的信息。**
**解答：subject**
**解釋**：補語描述主詞的狀態或身份。
10. **In the sentence "We called him a hero," the word "hero" is the ________ of the sentence.**
**在句子「We called him a hero」中，"hero" 是句子的 ________。**
**解答：complement**
**解釋**："Hero" 是補語，描述受詞 "him" 的狀態。
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這些題目有助於測試和鞏固五大句型的理解。
