115年學測第35 至 38 題
In March 2022, the Endurance—the lost vessel of the famed polar explorer Ernest Shackleton—was found in Antarctica, 107 years after it sank. The news made headlines around the world, not only for the incredible achievement of the search team, but because the discovery marked the final chapter in a legendary story of extraordinary courage and perseverance.
On August 4, 1914, Sir Ernest Shackleton, along with a skilled crew of 27, set sail on the Endurance toward the South Pole, hoping to make the first land crossing over Antarctica. From Plymouth, UK, the team arrived in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and on November 5 reached South Georgia Island, the last settlement of civilization en route to Antarctica. There, the real challenge began. Two days after leaving South Georgia in December, the Endurance encountered floating ice, and was soon completely trapped in pack ice.
The worthy vessel held up for nine months, drifting down south slowly and then pushed northward by the ice. Gradually, the pressure from the ice buckled the planks. Freezing water rushed in and exacerbated the situation. On October 27, 1915, Shackleton ordered his crew to abandon the ship, pitching tents on the ice a mile and a half away. Weeks later, they watched the Endurance sink beneath
the Weddell Sea.
The next five months, the crew camped out on the pack ice as it drifted north, surviving on penguins, seals, and seaweed. Finally, the ice broke up enough for them to escape in lifeboats. For seven days, they sailed more than a hundred miles to the uninhabited Elephant Island. But the crew couldn't survive long
there. So, Shackleton made a dangerous attempt to get help: With five crew members, he sailed 800 miles over 16 days across freezing, stormy seas to South Georgia Island. Then the group hiked for 36 hours across the island to reach a whaling station.
Help was almost at hand, but ice and bad weather hindered their return. On August 30, 1916, Shackleton finally got back to Elephant Island with a ship big enough to rescue the rest of his men. All the members of the expedition team survived, but the Endurance remained lost under the sea until its discovery in 2022.
35. What is this passage mainly about?
(A) A renowned Antarctic explorer.
(B) The extreme weather in Antarctica.
(C) A challenging voyage to Antarctica.
(D) The amazing discovery of a sunken ship.
36. Which of the following idioms is closest in meaning to “exacerbated the situation” in the third paragraph?
(A) Broke the ice. (B) Cost an arm and a leg.
(C) Missed the boat. (D) Added fuel to the fire.
37. According to the passage, which of the following is true about Shackleton and his Antarctic expedition?
(A) His journey lasted more than two years.
(B) He was the first man to cross over the Antarctic.
(C) His team camped out on Elephant Island for five months.
(D) He sent five crew members on a lifeboat to get help from a whaling station.
38. Which of the following shows the correct route of the Endurance after leaving South Georgia?
- C 36. D 37. A 38. D
第一段第一句
In March 2022, the Endurance—the lost vessel of the famed polar explorer Ernest Shackleton—was found in Antarctica, 107 years after it sank.
2022 年 3 月，堅忍號（Endurance）——著名極地探險家歐內斯特·沙克爾頓的失蹤船隻——在沈沒 107 年後，在南極洲發現。
💡主旨：極地探險家沙克爾頓的堅忍號失蹤一百多年後被發現
🔍找主詞和動詞
主詞： the Endurance
動詞： was found （被動語態 be-V + p.p.）
🚫排除干擾：為什麼它們不是動詞
lost：前有定冠詞 the，因此不可能是動詞，而是 p.p.，當形容詞，遺失的
famed：前有定冠詞 the，是 p.p.，當形容詞，著名的
sank：其主詞是 it，但 it 前有附屬連接詞 after 冠頂，故 sank 是子句的動詞。
🧮如何表達相比的兩者之間差距的數量大小 107 years after ...
將差距數量置於比較詞之前，更多例子如
🛋️10 years older, 1.5 inches shorter, 5 minutes earlier, 5 months before
🧩長句解析：拆解與組裝
🪛拆解 本句可拆成三個簡單句
第一句（核心句）In March 2022, the Endurance was found in Antarctica.
第二句（身分）The Endurance was the lost vessel of the famed polar explorer Ernest Shackleton.
第三句（相距時間) This was 107 years after its sinking.
🧵組裝
Step 1. 將第二句化成核心句中 the Endurance 的關係子句：將第二句的 the Endurance 改成 which，即可嫁接到核心句的 the Endurance 之後
In March 2022, the Endurance which The Endurance was the lost vessel of the famed polar explorer Ernest Shackleton was found in Antarctica.
Step 2. 此關係子句只是補充說明，沒有進一步限縮先行詞 the Endurance 的範圍，故須使用非限定用法：在子句前後以逗號隔開先行詞所在之句
In March 2022, the Endurance, which The Endurance was the lost vessel of the famed polar explorer Ernest Shackleton, was found in Antarctica.
Step 3. 關係子句的省略：可省略關係代名詞及其 be-V
In March 2022, the Endurance, which The Endurance was the lost vessel of the famed polar explorer Ernest Shackleton, was found in Antarctica.
Step 4. 可將兩個逗號改成破折號，破折號間的內容亦用以補充說明：
In March 2022, the Endurance—, which The Endurance was the lost vessel of the famed polar explorer Ernest Shackleton, —was found in Antarctica.
Step 5. 將 第三句 化成核心句的 非限定用法的關係子句：第三句的 This 指的是 堅忍號被發現一事，故將 This 改成 which，嫁接在 Step 4 之尾，並在 which 前加入逗號
In March 2022, the Endurance—, which The Endurance was the lost vessel of the famed polar explorer Ernest Shackleton, —was found in Antarctica, which This was 107 years after its sinking.
Step 6. 關係子句的省略：可省略 which was
In March 2022, the Endurance—, which The Endurance was the lost vessel of the famed polar explorer Ernest Shackleton, —was found in Antarctica, which This was 107 years after its sinking.
Step 7. 可將 its sinking 改成 it sank（因應上下文，故需用過去式）：
In March 2022, the Endurance—, which The Endurance was the lost vessel of the famed polar explorer Ernest Shackleton, —was found in Antarctica, which This was 107 years after it sank its sinking.
🎈深度比較：關係子句的 限定 vs. 非限定 用法
透過 Elon Musk（馬斯克）和 who cofounded 7 companies ，可理解逗號的威力：
限定用法（無逗號）：
Elon Musk is a South African–born American entrepreneur who cofounded 7 companies.
說明：Elon Musk 是創辦了 7 間公司的南非出生企業家，而非任何南非出生企業家，故需用子句限定範圍（無逗號）。
非限定用法（有逗號）：
Elon Musk, who cofounded 7 companies, is the world's richest person now.
說明：大家都知道 Elon Musk 是誰。有無此子句無所謂（有逗號）。
🏵️將 句子（主詞 + 動詞）改成 所有格 + 動名詞 ➡️ 名詞 之用
🛋️ She complained constantly. 把它改成 [她老是抱怨]這一件事
Her constant complaining drove everybody around her away.
她不停抱怨，把周圍的人都趕跑了。 不停抱怨一事 成了主詞
🛋️ After he finished his work, he went home. 也可寫成
After finishing his work, he went home.
第一段第二句
The news made headlines around the world, not only for the incredible achievement of the search team, but because the discovery marked the final chapter in a legendary story of extraordinary courage and perseverance.
這則新聞登上全球頭條，不僅因為搜尋團隊的驚人成就，更因為這項發現為一個充滿非凡勇氣與毅力的傳奇故事，劃下最終篇章。
💡主旨：這則新聞引起世界關注，也讓人回想起堅忍號的故事
🔍找主詞和動詞
主詞： news
動詞：made
🚫排除干擾：為什麼它們不是動詞？
search： 前有 the，知其屬於名詞的一部分，不當動詞。
marked：其主詞是 discovery，但 discovery 前有 附屬連接詞 because 冠頂，故marked 為子句的動詞，非主要句子的動詞。
💕 對等相關連接詞 Not only ... but (also) 不但... 而且... （also 可省略）
1. 因為是對等，故與 and 概念相同， 只是強調重點在 but 所接的部分
2. 兩者所接的詞性須相同，例如，前後都是名詞，前後都是動詞，等等
🛋️ 都加名詞
Not only his friends but also he is going to the Antarctic.
🎈兩者相連的名詞是主詞時，該句的動詞由 but also 所接的主詞而定。
🛋️ 都加動詞
Shackleton not only encouraged his men but also led them to safety.
The team could not only find the ship but also film it.
🎈not only 前有助動詞 could，所以 not only 和 but also 所接的動詞都是原型
🛋️ 都加句子
🎈Not only 放句首時，因 Not 是否定詞，該句必須 倒裝（即 yes-no 疑問句形
式），but also 所接的句子則不需要倒裝。
Not only did the team find the ship, but they also captured high-definition
images of it.
🖼️本句中，not only 接副詞片語 for the incredible achievement...，而 but also 卻接了 because 副詞子句，兩者並不對稱。這是在現代報導文章中，作者為凸顯後者的重點，把前者簡化成短短的副詞片語，是可接受的。但在正規嚴謹的學術文章仍屬不佳。平日練習及考試時仍需注意兩邊詞性要對稱。
☀️第一段主旨：堅忍號於沉沒一百多年後終被發現，也揭開了當年的英勇故事
本文包含作者多年累積的英文學習認知與教學精華。內容受著作權法保護，僅供付費讀者個人學習使用。嚴禁將教學內容轉載至公開社群或用於商業教學（如補習班教材）。感謝您支持原創教學內容。
