引言
紀錄閱讀MQL5論壇上EA交易工具相關的心得或翻譯
由於後面有一系列文章是使用mql5 wizard這個功能來寫EA
因此先有一個前導系列來研究mql5 wizard這個功能
至於mql5基礎語言由於筆者本身有基礎背景
因此就先不介紹了,後續如果有需要再考慮
文章出處
MQL5 Wizard: Creating Expert Advisors without Programming
介紹
當在建立自動交易系統時
必須要編寫有關"交易訊號""追蹤平倉""資金風險管理"等邏輯
當各個模組編寫完成,最困難的任務就是組裝各個模組並調適算法
而在這個基礎之上還需要有一個讓各個模組互動正常的架構
若架構規劃的不好,則還需要花時間排查架構錯誤,替換模組時還有可能要改寫架構
在MQL5中,使用了物件導向的方法來簡化自動交易系統的編寫和測試流程,
尤其MetaQuotes Software Corp.還內建了基本的交易訊號(20個)、追蹤平倉(4)和資金風險管理模組(5)
透過組合這些模組就可以立即得到一個可用的EA
接下來會介紹如何自動產生一套EA且不需要自己手寫程式碼
使用MQL5 Wizard建立EA
接下來的步驟將在MetaEditor中完成
其中內建的交易模組位於"\<client_terminal_directory>\MQL5\Include\Expert\"路徑的資料夾內
當在開啟MetaEditor後,MQL5 Wizard會到這個路徑解析這些模組並新增到選單中
之後在新增EA時就可以透過選單來選擇要組合哪些模組
- 接下來到工具>MetaQuotes語言編輯器,或按(F4)來開啟MetaEditor,
- 接著一樣左上角按新增EA的按鈕(或ctrl+n),並選擇EA交易(生成)

- 輸入名稱等其他資訊

- 增加選擇交易訊號
- 交易訊號會決定什麼條件下開倉,平倉,反轉部位,圖中是內建的交易訊號

- 之後可以設定交易訊號的相關參數
參數具有兩種模式,圖中灰色底的(如shift,applied),代表生成EA之後無法在調適EA的階段再次修改參數值,用於加速EA調適的速度,反之則為白色底,可以透過滑鼠左鍵雙擊切換
- 之後可以設定交易訊號的相關參數

- 加入之後如下圖

- 增加追蹤平倉模組

- 增加資金風險管理模組

- 之後按下完成就會生成EA

解析EA程式碼與架構
- 生成的程式碼如下
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Test001.mq5 |
//| Copyright 2024, MetaQuotes Ltd. |
//| <https://www.mql5.com> |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
#property copyright "Copyright 2024, MetaQuotes Ltd."
#property link "<https://www.mql5.com>"
#property version "1.00"
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Include |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
#include <Expert\\Expert.mqh>
//--- available signals
#include <Expert\\Signal\\SignalMA.mqh>
//--- available trailing
#include <Expert\\Trailing\\TrailingFixedPips.mqh>
//--- available money management
#include <Expert\\Money\\MoneyFixedLot.mqh>
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Inputs |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//--- inputs for expert
input string Expert_Title ="Test001"; // Document name
ulong Expert_MagicNumber =13666; //
bool Expert_EveryTick =false; //
//--- inputs for main signal
input int Signal_ThresholdOpen =10; // Signal threshold value to open [0...100]
input int Signal_ThresholdClose =10; // Signal threshold value to close [0...100]
input double Signal_PriceLevel =0.0; // Price level to execute a deal
input double Signal_StopLevel =50.0; // Stop Loss level (in points)
input double Signal_TakeLevel =50.0; // Take Profit level (in points)
input int Signal_Expiration =4; // Expiration of pending orders (in bars)
input int Signal_MA_PeriodMA =12; // Moving Average(12,0,...) Period of averaging
input int Signal_MA_Shift =0; // Moving Average(12,0,...) Time shift
input ENUM_MA_METHOD Signal_MA_Method =MODE_SMA; // Moving Average(12,0,...) Method of averaging
input ENUM_APPLIED_PRICE Signal_MA_Applied =PRICE_CLOSE; // Moving Average(12,0,...) Prices series
input double Signal_MA_Weight =1.0; // Moving Average(12,0,...) Weight [0...1.0]
//--- inputs for trailing
input int Trailing_FixedPips_StopLevel =30; // Stop Loss trailing level (in points)
input int Trailing_FixedPips_ProfitLevel=50; // Take Profit trailing level (in points)
//--- inputs for money
input double Money_FixLot_Percent =10.0; // Percent
input double Money_FixLot_Lots =0.1; // Fixed volume
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Global expert object |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
CExpert ExtExpert;
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Initialization function of the expert |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
int OnInit()
{
//--- Initializing expert
if(!ExtExpert.Init(Symbol(),Period(),Expert_EveryTick,Expert_MagicNumber))
{
//--- failed
printf(__FUNCTION__+": error initializing expert");
ExtExpert.Deinit();
return(INIT_FAILED);
}
//--- Creating signal
CExpertSignal *signal=new CExpertSignal;
if(signal==NULL)
{
//--- failed
printf(__FUNCTION__+": error creating signal");
ExtExpert.Deinit();
return(INIT_FAILED);
}
//---
ExtExpert.InitSignal(signal);
signal.ThresholdOpen(Signal_ThresholdOpen);
signal.ThresholdClose(Signal_ThresholdClose);
signal.PriceLevel(Signal_PriceLevel);
signal.StopLevel(Signal_StopLevel);
signal.TakeLevel(Signal_TakeLevel);
signal.Expiration(Signal_Expiration);
//--- Creating filter CSignalMA
CSignalMA *filter0=new CSignalMA;
if(filter0==NULL)
{
//--- failed
printf(__FUNCTION__+": error creating filter0");
ExtExpert.Deinit();
return(INIT_FAILED);
}
signal.AddFilter(filter0);
//--- Set filter parameters
filter0.PeriodMA(Signal_MA_PeriodMA);
filter0.Shift(Signal_MA_Shift);
filter0.Method(Signal_MA_Method);
filter0.Applied(Signal_MA_Applied);
filter0.Weight(Signal_MA_Weight);
//--- Creation of trailing object
CTrailingFixedPips *trailing=new CTrailingFixedPips;
if(trailing==NULL)
{
//--- failed
printf(__FUNCTION__+": error creating trailing");
ExtExpert.Deinit();
return(INIT_FAILED);
}
//--- Add trailing to expert (will be deleted automatically))
if(!ExtExpert.InitTrailing(trailing))
{
//--- failed
printf(__FUNCTION__+": error initializing trailing");
ExtExpert.Deinit();
return(INIT_FAILED);
}
//--- Set trailing parameters
trailing.StopLevel(Trailing_FixedPips_StopLevel);
trailing.ProfitLevel(Trailing_FixedPips_ProfitLevel);
//--- Creation of money object
CMoneyFixedLot *money=new CMoneyFixedLot;
if(money==NULL)
{
//--- failed
printf(__FUNCTION__+": error creating money");
ExtExpert.Deinit();
return(INIT_FAILED);
}
//--- Add money to expert (will be deleted automatically))
if(!ExtExpert.InitMoney(money))
{
//--- failed
printf(__FUNCTION__+": error initializing money");
ExtExpert.Deinit();
return(INIT_FAILED);
}
//--- Set money parameters
money.Percent(Money_FixLot_Percent);
money.Lots(Money_FixLot_Lots);
//--- Check all trading objects parameters
if(!ExtExpert.ValidationSettings())
{
//--- failed
ExtExpert.Deinit();
return(INIT_FAILED);
}
//--- Tuning of all necessary indicators
if(!ExtExpert.InitIndicators())
{
//--- failed
printf(__FUNCTION__+": error initializing indicators");
ExtExpert.Deinit();
return(INIT_FAILED);
}
//--- ok
return(INIT_SUCCEEDED);
}
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Deinitialization function of the expert |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
void OnDeinit(const int reason)
{
ExtExpert.Deinit();
}
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| "Tick" event handler function |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
void OnTick()
{
ExtExpert.OnTick();
}
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| "Trade" event handler function |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
void OnTrade()
{
ExtExpert.OnTrade();
}
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| "Timer" event handler function |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
void OnTimer()
{
ExtExpert.OnTimer();
}
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+ - 程式碼的基本資料描述
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Test001.mq5 |
//| Copyright 2024, MetaQuotes Ltd. |
//| <https://www.mql5.com> |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
#property copyright "Copyright 2024, MetaQuotes Ltd."
#property link "<https://www.mql5.com>"
#property version "1.00" - 引入的參考檔案
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Include |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
#include <Expert\\Expert.mqh>
//--- available signals
#include <Expert\\Signal\\SignalMA.mqh>
//--- available trailing
#include <Expert\\Trailing\\TrailingFixedPips.mqh>
//--- available money management
#include <Expert\\Money\\MoneyFixedLot.mqh> - Expert.mqh:用來組合各個模組
- 其餘三個檔案是剛剛選擇的各個模組
- 接來來是之後可以被調適的EA參數
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Inputs |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//--- inputs for expert
input string Expert_Title ="Test001"; // Document name
ulong Expert_MagicNumber =13666; //
bool Expert_EveryTick =false; //
//--- inputs for main signal
input int Signal_ThresholdOpen =10; // Signal threshold value to open [0...100]
input int Signal_ThresholdClose =10; // Signal threshold value to close [0...100]
input double Signal_PriceLevel =0.0; // Price level to execute a deal
input double Signal_StopLevel =50.0; // Stop Loss level (in points)
input double Signal_TakeLevel =50.0; // Take Profit level (in points)
input int Signal_Expiration =4; // Expiration of pending orders (in bars)
input int Signal_MA_PeriodMA =12; // Moving Average(12,0,...) Period of averaging
input int Signal_MA_Shift =0; // Moving Average(12,0,...) Time shift
input ENUM_MA_METHOD Signal_MA_Method =MODE_SMA; // Moving Average(12,0,...) Method of averaging
input ENUM_APPLIED_PRICE Signal_MA_Applied =PRICE_CLOSE; // Moving Average(12,0,...) Prices series
input double Signal_MA_Weight =1.0; // Moving Average(12,0,...) Weight [0...1.0]
//--- inputs for trailing
input int Trailing_FixedPips_StopLevel =30; // Stop Loss trailing level (in points)
input int Trailing_FixedPips_ProfitLevel=50; // Take Profit trailing level (in points)
//--- inputs for money
input double Money_FixLot_Percent =10.0; // Percent
input double Money_FixLot_Lots =0.1; // Fixed volume - 起頭的三個是基本參數(Expert_Title/Expert_MagicNumber/Expert_EveryTick)
Expert_Title:EA名稱
Expert_MagicNumber:用於管理EA的交易訂單
Expert_EveryTick:是否在每次價格tick跳動時都執行EA邏輯 - 後面參數則會跟選擇的模組不同而變動
- 起頭的三個是基本參數(Expert_Title/Expert_MagicNumber/Expert_EveryTick)
- 宣告組合模組的EA變數
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Global expert object |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
CExpert ExtExpert; - 設定組合各模組到EA變數內
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Initialization function of the expert |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
int OnInit()
{
... - 在OnInit()中進行初始化,此函數只會在EA開啟時執行一次
- 接下來設定ExtExpert的初始參數
//--- Initializing expert
if(!ExtExpert.Init(Symbol(),Period(),Expert_EveryTick,Expert_MagicNumber))
{
//--- failed
printf(__FUNCTION__+": error initializing expert");
ExtExpert.Deinit();
return(INIT_FAILED);
} - 透過ExtExpert.Init(Symbol(),Period(),Expert_EveryTick,Expert_MagicNumber)
把基本參數配置到ExtExpert, 如果初始化失敗則會回傳-1,然後進入if判斷執行結束EA相關程序
- 透過ExtExpert.Init(Symbol(),Period(),Expert_EveryTick,Expert_MagicNumber)
- 設定交易訊號模組的參數並配置到ExtExpert
//--- Creating signal
CExpertSignal *signal=new CExpertSignal;
if(signal==NULL)
{
//--- failed
printf(__FUNCTION__+": error creating signal");
ExtExpert.Deinit();
return(INIT_FAILED);
}
//---
ExtExpert.InitSignal(signal);
signal.ThresholdOpen(Signal_ThresholdOpen);
signal.ThresholdClose(Signal_ThresholdClose);
signal.PriceLevel(Signal_PriceLevel);
signal.StopLevel(Signal_StopLevel);
signal.TakeLevel(Signal_TakeLevel);
signal.Expiration(Signal_Expiration);
//--- Creating filter CSignalMA
CSignalMA *filter0=new CSignalMA;
if(filter0==NULL)
{
//--- failed
printf(__FUNCTION__+": error creating filter0");
ExtExpert.Deinit();
return(INIT_FAILED);
}
signal.AddFilter(filter0);
//--- Set filter parameters
filter0.PeriodMA(Signal_MA_PeriodMA);
filter0.Shift(Signal_MA_Shift);
filter0.Method(Signal_MA_Method);
filter0.Applied(Signal_MA_Applied);
filter0.Weight(Signal_MA_Weight); - 交易訊號分為兩個步驟
- 建立訊號變數signal,配置到ExtExpert
- 把各個交易模組當成一層的filter(過濾器),
透過加入到signal.AddFilter(filter0),
只有當價格行為通過層層過濾器後,才能發出交易訊號
- 設定追蹤平倉變數
//--- Creation of trailing object
CTrailingFixedPips *trailing=new CTrailingFixedPips;
if(trailing==NULL)
{
//--- failed
printf(__FUNCTION__+": error creating trailing");
ExtExpert.Deinit();
return(INIT_FAILED);
}
//--- Add trailing to expert (will be deleted automatically))
if(!ExtExpert.InitTrailing(trailing))
{
//--- failed
printf(__FUNCTION__+": error initializing trailing");
ExtExpert.Deinit();
return(INIT_FAILED);
}
//--- Set trailing parameters
trailing.StopLevel(Trailing_FixedPips_StopLevel);
trailing.ProfitLevel(Trailing_FixedPips_ProfitLevel); - 建立變數trailing,配置到ExtExpert
- 設定資金風險管理變數
//--- Creation of money object
CMoneyFixedLot *money=new CMoneyFixedLot;
if(money==NULL)
{
//--- failed
printf(__FUNCTION__+": error creating money");
ExtExpert.Deinit();
return(INIT_FAILED);
}
//--- Add money to expert (will be deleted automatically))
if(!ExtExpert.InitMoney(money))
{
//--- failed
printf(__FUNCTION__+": error initializing money");
ExtExpert.Deinit();
return(INIT_FAILED);
}
//--- Set money parameters
money.Percent(Money_FixLot_Percent);
money.Lots(Money_FixLot_Lots); - 建立變數money,配置到ExtExpert
- 設定好ExtExpert之後驗證所有參數設置,並把剛剛配置的變數都跑一次初始化
//--- Check all trading objects parameters
if(!ExtExpert.ValidationSettings())
{
//--- failed
ExtExpert.Deinit();
return(INIT_FAILED);
}
//--- Tuning of all necessary indicators
if(!ExtExpert.InitIndicators())
{
//--- failed
printf(__FUNCTION__+": error initializing indicators");
ExtExpert.Deinit();
return(INIT_FAILED);
} - 接下來就同一般的EA一樣,執行MQL5基本參數,然後再透過ExtExpert觸發各模組的程式邏輯
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Deinitialization function of the expert |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
void OnDeinit(const int reason)
{
ExtExpert.Deinit();
}
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| "Tick" event handler function |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
void OnTick()
{
ExtExpert.OnTick();
}
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| "Trade" event handler function |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
void OnTrade()
{
ExtExpert.OnTrade();
}
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| "Timer" event handler function |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
void OnTimer()
{
ExtExpert.OnTimer();
} - 編譯EA確定沒有錯誤和警告

結語
透過MQL5 Wizard可以簡化交易想法的建立和測試
也可以自己建立各個模組
並且可以重複使用,組合不同的模組來建立自己獨有的交易程式
且開發組來的
- 補充說明:內文提供的Moving Average EA只是範例,並無實際盈利能力,具體邏輯還需使用者自行思考設計






















