每日英語#008: Lawyers 律師

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原文 - Lawyers 律師

Lawyers typically “advise” (give advice to) and “represent” (speak for) clients in courts, at government agencies, or in private legal matters.

律師通常會在法庭上、政府機構或私人法律事務中「建議」（給予建議）和「代表」（代言）客戶。

They also “interpret” (help others understand) laws, “rulings” (official court decisions), and “regulations” (rules; laws) for individuals and businesses.

他們還會為個人和企業「解釋」（幫助他人理解）法律、「裁決」（官方的法院決定）和「規章」（規則；法律）。

Most lawyers work mainly in offices.

大多數律師主要在辦公室工作。

However, some travel to attend meetings with “clients” (customers) at various locations, such as homes, hospitals, or “prisons” (where the police place people suspected or convicted of crimes).

然而，有些律師會出差到不同地點與「客戶」（顧客）會面，例如家裡、醫院或「監獄」（警方關押涉嫌或被判有罪的人）。

Some lawyers gather “evidence” (things showing someone’s guilt or innocence); others appear in court.

有些律師收集「證據」（顯示某人有罪或無罪的東西）；其他人則出庭。

Becoming a lawyer usually takes seven years of full-time study after high school.

成為律師通常需要在高中後七年的全日制學習。

This includes four years of “undergraduate study” (first four years of college) followed by three years of law school.

這包括四年的「本科學習」（大學前四年），接著是三年的法學院學習。

Most states require future lawyers to complete a juris doctor (J.D.) degree from a law school “accredited by” (given official permission by) the American Bar Association (ABA), which is the national organization that gives individuals permission to work as lawyers.

大多數州要求未來的律師完成由美國律師協會（ABA）「認可的」（獲得官方許可的）法學院的法律博士（J.D.）學位，該協會是授予個人律師執業許可的全國組織。

Law students often gain “practical” (work; hands-on) experience by participating in school-sponsored “legal clinics” (where people can go for free or low-cost legal advice), in practice “trials” (the arguing of a case in court) under the supervision of experienced lawyers and judges, and through research and writing on legal issues for a school’s law “journals” (academic or school publication).

法學院學生經常通過參加學校贊助的「法律診所」（人們可以去獲得免費或低成本法律建議）、在有經驗的律師和法官監督下進行的「模擬審判」（在法庭上辯論案件），以及為學校的法律「期刊」（學術或校刊）進行法律問題的研究和寫作來獲得「實踐」（工作；動手）經驗。

Part-time or summer jobs in law “firms” (companies), government agencies, and “corporate” (a large company’s) legal departments also provide valuable experience.

在法律「事務所」（公司）、政府機構和「企業」（大公司的）法律部門的兼職或暑期工作也提供了寶貴的經驗。

These experiences can help law students decide what kind of legal work they want to focus on in their careers.

這些經驗可以幫助法學院學生決定他們在職業生涯中想要專注於哪種法律工作。

These experiences may also lead directly to a job after “graduation” (completion of a degree).

這些經驗也可能直接導致在「畢業」（完成學位）後獲得工作。

Becoming licensed as a lawyer is called being "admitted to the bar" and licensing exams are called "bar exams."

獲得律師執照被稱為「通過律師考試」，而執照考試被稱為「律師考試」。

To practice law in any state, a person must be admitted to its bar under rules established by that state.

要在任何州執業，一個人必須根據該州制定的規則通過律師考試。

The requirements vary from state to state.

各州的要求不同。

重要單字及解釋

• 1. Advise [ədˈvaɪz] - 建議
• 2. Represent [ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt] - 代表
• 3. Interpret [ɪnˈtɜːrprɪt] - 解釋
• 4. Rulings [ˈruːlɪŋz] - 裁決
• 5. Regulations [ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃənz] - 規章
• 6. Clients [ˈklaɪənts] - 客戶
• 7. Prisons [ˈprɪzənz] - 監獄
• 8. Evidence [ˈɛvɪdəns] - 證據
• 9. Undergraduate study [ˌʌndərˈɡrædʒʊət ˈstʌdi] - 本科學習
• 10. Accredited by [əˈkrɛdɪtɪd baɪ] - 認可的
• 11. Practical [ˈpræktɪkəl] - 實踐的
• 12. Legal clinics [ˈliːɡəl ˈklɪnɪks] - 法律診所
• 13. Trials [ˈtraɪəlz] - 審判
• 14. Journals [ˈdʒɜrnəlz] - 期刊
• 15. Firms [fɜrmz] - 事務所
• 16. Corporate [ˈkɔrpərɪt] - 企業的
• 17. Graduation [ˌɡrædʒuˈeɪʃən] - 畢業