俄羅斯撤回銷中國之Su-33艦載戰鬥機　■航空與航太（2009.03.17）/雲程譯

【Comment】Ouch, that really hurts, to Chinese now then to Russian later. The point is if China chooses not to follow rules of civilization, what is the “meaning” of China emerging?
重點是：若中國我行我素：剽竊、違約、霸權、中原至上…，其崛起的「意義」何在？

see also
俄羅斯憤怒中國拷貝蘇剴Su-27噴射戰鬥機 ■真理報 2008.04.22雲程譯
幾則有關航空母艦的發展
日媒:中明年啟動自製航母計畫 ■中時(2008.12.31)

俄羅斯撤回銷中國之Su-33艦載戰鬥機　■航空與航太（2009.03.17）/雲程譯

莫斯科發行量百萬份的日報（Moskovsky Komsomolets）報導：俄中之間對於中國軍工企業公然剽竊俄羅斯軍事科技的長期齟齬，已經爆開，俄羅斯通知中國決定不銷售中國Su-33艦載戰鬥機了。報紙報導，這是因為怕北京生產比此戰鬥機更便宜的外銷機種。根據報導，有關未來將用在中國航空母艦上的50架俄羅斯Su-33（NATO稱側翼D，Flanker-D）銷售的談判，近日在中國要求先交兩架作為樣品（trial）後，已經觸礁。俄羅斯當局對中國過去違反智慧財產權協議而生產Su-27SK的剽竊機種很頭痛。兩國從2006起就為此交涉，但中國拒絕遵守協議，俄羅斯已經無法防止中國的剽竊。
Su-33是空優、艦隊防衛、空中支援與偵察用多用途艦載戰鬥機。在1995年在俄羅斯海軍服役，目前在俄羅斯航空母艦庫茲涅佐夫號（Nikolai Kuznetsov）上服役。相對於西方機種，Su-33非常便宜也很有效。在1995年中國與俄羅斯簽署價值25億美元的契約以便在瀋陽飛機公司生產200架Sk-27SK的複製機種J -11A。契約規定，飛機將配備全套俄羅斯的航電設備、雷達和引擎。俄羅斯發覺中國發展本土機種J-11B並配備中國的航電與系統後，在2006年終止契約。俄羅斯在中國已經生產95架J-11B後取消契約。中國本來答應要買14架Su-33B型戰機，但俄羅斯予以拒絕，認為至少要24架才能符合生產成本。中國提出：買2架看看。不過，報導中預期此事並非最終結果。因為中國非常需要這些戰機，來裝備其預計於2011年下水首艘48000噸級的航空母艦。北京已經宣佈在2020年建造核子動力航空母艦。

剽竊同志

從1940年代到1960年代，兩共產鄰國是在全球攜手對抗西方帝國主義的意識型態伙伴，中國從蘇聯取得滿坑滿谷的武器。全套蘇式武器被中國軍工廠拷貝與製造與外銷到其盟國。其中包括了武器與系統如輕武器、迫擊砲、大砲系統、車輛、坦克、防空系統與飛機。中國甚至了仿製的Tu-16中程轟炸機，生產了西安H-6。俄羅斯分析家強調：在1979～1989期間，中國生產了90％的迫擊砲給阿富汗叛軍Mujahedin。剽竊的風潮並未因北京和莫斯科1980年代末關係的正常化而稍減。只要中國能插手的，包括巡弋飛彈、飛機引擎、Su-27戰鬥機，都公然剽竊並外銷給北京的盟友。對俄羅斯而言，真的很難抉擇。軍售以不再如冷戰時代重要，但卻是生存所需？可以獲得俄羅斯亟需的外匯並確保軍隊有效運作，也能繼續雇用航太與國防工業專家和科學家。這就是中國總是能希望敗部復活。笑容總將在這條龍的臉上畫出。

http://www.domain-b.com/aero/mil_avi/mil_aircraft/20090317_russia.html

Russia backs off from sale of Su-33 carrier-based fighters to China　■Aviation & Aerospace（2009.03.17）

Moscow: A long simmering dispute between Russia and China over the blatant piracy and sale of Russian military technology by Chinese arms manufacturers may have finally spilled over with a leading Russian daily, the Moskovsky Komsomolets, reporting that Russia may have conveyed to China its decision not to sell the Su-33 carrier-based fighters to it. It fears that Beijing would produce cheaper export versions of the aircraft, the Komsomolets has said.

According to the report, talks on the sale of 50 Russian Sukhoi-33 (NATO: Flanker-D) fighters, for use on future Chinese aircraft carriers collapsed recently after China requested an initial delivery of only two aircraft for a "trial."

Russian authorities were been deeply chagrined in the past to find that China had produced a copied version of the Su-27SK fighter jet in violation of intellectual property agreements. The two countries have been in negotiations for the sale of these aircraft ever since 2006, but have failed to secure a deal with alarmed Russians seeking intellectual safeguards from the Chinese, who have been refusing to oblige.

The Su-33 is a carrier-based multi-role fighter, tasked for air superiority, fleet defence, air support and reconnaissance missions. The aircraft entered service with the Russian Navy in 1995 and is currently operational on board the Russian Navy's Nikolai Kuznetsov aircraft carrier.

The Su-33 is significantly cheaper, and as effective, as comparable Western models.

In 1995, China and Russia signed a $2.5-billion deal for the local production of 200 Su-27SKs, dubbed J -11A , at the Shenyang Aircraft Corp. Under the deal, the aircraft were to be outfitted with Russian avionics, radars and engines. The deal died a natural death in 2006 after the Russians discovered that China was developing an indigenous version, the J-11B, with Chinese avionics and systems.

The Russians cancelled the deal with the Chinese already producing 95 of the J-11B version.

The Chinese initially offered to buy 14 of the Su-33B version, but the offer was turned down by the Russians who claimed that at least 24 had to be sold in order to recoup production costs. The last straw appears to have been the latest Chinese offer to pick up two aircraft for ''trials.''

However, the report also suggested that this may not be the end of the road for the deal as the Chinese are in desperate need of the fighter to equip their first indigenous 48,000-ton aircraft carrier, due to take to the waters by 2011.

Beijing has also announced plans to build a nuclear-powered aircraft-carrier by 2020.

Ripping off the comrades

From being 'fraternal,' ideological partners in the global war against Western imperialism in the early 1940s, through to the late 1960s, when relations soured between the two communist neighbours, China received huge stockpiles of Soviet weaponry. The entire gamut of Soviet designed weaponry was copied and produced at Chinese factories and exported to its allies.

These included weapons and platforms such as firearms, mortars, artillery systems, armoured fighting vehicles, tanks, air defence systems and aircraft. The Chinese even produced their own version of the legendary Tupolev Tu-16 Badger intermediate-range bombers, re-designating it as the Xian H-6s.

In the period 1979-1989, Russian analysts stress, China was responsible for the supply of 90 per cent of mortars to Mujahedin insurgents in Afghanistan .

The copying frenzy did not abate with the normalization of relations between Moscow and Beijing in the late 1980s. Anything China could lay its hands on, including cruise missiles, aircraft engines, the Su-27 fighter, were blatantly copied and exported to Beijing allies.

For Russia , it is a genuine dilemma. Arms export is no longer a Cold War imperative, but a bread and butter issue ?it earns the Russian State precious foreign exchange and keeps its vast army of talented, and experienced, aerospace and defence industry engineers and scientists employed.

This is where the Chinese can always hope to revive any 'closed' deal.

The smile may yet be on the face of the dragon.

http://www.domain-b.com/aero/mil_avi/mil_aircraft/20090317_russia.html