
格陵蘭是世界最大的島,表面的81%被冰雪覆蓋。當然,在地球暖化的時候,這個比例越來越低。

格陵蘭活動的是愛斯基摩人,982年起,則有挪威的維京人到此。
從1721年起,丹麥對格陵蘭開始進行殖民。
二次大戰的1940年,丹麥被德國所佔領,格陵蘭因其戰略位置,被美國施以保護性管理(protective custody),措施橫亙一整個戰爭期間。戰後,格陵蘭雖然回歸丹麥,但仍繼續成為美國與北約盟國的基地。
到1953年成為丹麥的一省,並得以派代表在丹麥國會中。在1973年與丹麥一起,成為歐洲共同體的成員。後因為漁業問題,於1985年退出。

1979年格陵蘭取得自治地位,1980年起成為「丹麥王國海外自治行政區」(self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark),從1979年起擁有專屬的議會(parliament)。此外,還有自己專屬的網路識別碼(.gl)和格陵蘭語(Greenlandic)。丹麥,則負責格陵蘭的外交與國防,並負擔其三分支二的收入,剩下的為漁業收入。格陵蘭的「國慶日」是夏至,即6月21日。
格陵蘭有美軍飛彈與監聽基地,代表其戰略地位很重要。

格陵蘭走向自治 ■Jesper Hansen(雲程譯)
格陵蘭在「丹麥‧格陵蘭自治委員會」(the Danish-Greenlandic Self-Rule Commission)開會後,將獲得較高度的自治。
格陵蘭在丹麥下新的較為高度的自治已經開始。在「丹麥‧格陵蘭自治委員會」(the Danish-Greenlandic Self-Rule Commission)開會後開始。5月6日(週二)將委員會報告呈給格陵蘭首席部長(the Greenlandic Premier)依諾克森(Hans Enoksen),與丹麥首相(the Danish Prime Minister)拉斯慕森(Anders Fogh Rasmussen)。
兩政府首長互道恭喜。拉斯慕森說:「這是兩國(two countries)共同歷史中的偉大日子。」而依諾克森承諾拉斯慕森,因其給予格陵蘭人自治的權利,將在格陵蘭歷史具有顯著地位。
新的自治法令,將在2008年11月25日交付公投表決。若格陵蘭人同意,格陵蘭自治將在2009年6月21日格陵蘭國慶日(Greenlandic National Day)實施。
格陵蘭自治委員會的一大議題是,是格陵蘭地下資源。委員會已經決定自治政府將有權確保格陵蘭地下礦產,但未來的收入將由丹麥的統籌補助款(block grant)中剔除。
「丹麥‧格陵蘭自治委員會」已經同意格陵蘭地下礦產歸屬格陵蘭。根據其對新的自治立法的建議,比方說第一批由石油探勘的7500萬丹麥克郎,將歸屬自治政府。其後的收入,將分次剔除320億丹麥克郎。當統籌補助款償還後,其餘收入將歸屬格陵蘭,但協議仍待進一步協商。
自治委員會在2004年6月成立,以確認得接手自治的地區。

Greenland on the Self-Rule-Road by Jesper Hansen 2008.05.07
Greenland will get a higher degree of independence after the Danish-Greenlandic Self-Rule Commission has ended its work
Now the Greenlandic road to a higher degree of independence from Denmark is opened. It happened when the Danish-Greenlandic Self-Rule Commission ended its work and Tuesday handed the Commissions report to the Greenlandic Premier, Mr. Hans Enoksen and the Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen.
The two government leaders congratulated each other. "It is a great day in the common history of the two countries" said Anders Fogh Rasmussen while Hans Enoksen promised him a significant role in Greenlands history as the man who gave the Greenlandic People its right to be self-governing.
The new law of Self-Rule will now be sent to a referendum November the 25th 2008. If the Greenlandic People vote yes it is planned that the new Self-ruled Greenland will be a reality from the Greenlandic National Day next year- June 21st 2009.
One of the big issues in the Self-Rule Commissions work is the right to the Greenlandic underground and its resources. The Commission has decided at the same time that the Home-Rule government will have the right to secure minerals from the Greenlandic underground, but future revenues will be deducted from the Danish block grant.
The Greenlandic-Danish Self-Rule Commission has agreed that the minerals in Greenland's underground belong to Greenland . According to their proposal for new Self-Rule legislation, the first DKK 75 million from oil exploration, for example, will go to the Home Rule government. The subsequent revenues would be divided while the DKK 3.2 billion block grant is reduced. When the block grant is compensated for, the rest of the revenues will go to Greenland , but the agreement is once again up for negotiating.
The Self-Rule Commission was established in June 2004 to identify areas which could be taken over for Self-Rule.










