更新於 2020/11/12閱讀時間約 14 分鐘

【讀】Real Life | 被白人包圍的孤立

書名 : Real Life 作者 : Brandon Taylor 出版年 : 2020 類型 : 文學小說
「最不公平的是,當你告訴一群白人某件事是種族歧視行為時,他們會用放大鏡仔細檢視,試著判斷你說的是否為事實,就好像他們能夠透過蛛絲馬跡來分辨一件事是否為種族歧視,而他們總是堅信自己的判斷。這並不公平,因為白人有著既得利益去低估種族歧視,以及它的規模、強度、與樣貌,他們是雞舍裡監守自盜的狐狸。」
今年布克獎(Booker Prize)的決選短名單之一,我覺得這不是一本輕鬆易讀的書,也不是一本讀完後會讓人滿心愉悅的小說,而是會讓你在讀的過程忍不住緊握拳頭,感到氣憤、悲哀、與無力。

簡介

Wallace是他們學院中幾十年來第一位黑人學生,因為他的膚色種族,他在研究上或一般日常生活上都被用不一樣的態度對待。整本書描述了一個夏日周末,在這短短三天內,Wallace面對了許多不同的事件,他在研究上受到很大的挫折、與朋友的相處並不是那麼完美、有一段複雜的感情等著開始、還有他幾周前去世的父親籠罩的陰影。這些事情讓Wallace開始思考自己在這世界的位置、以及未來。

心得

我其實從這本在二月剛出版時就有點關注,也加到我的清單裡(想說今年多讀一些文學小說),結果我一直沒有動力真的找來讀,直到最近因為入圍2020布克獎,我看到越來越多人討論這本小說,而且也都給予很高的評價,我看到一些人說這是他們今年至今讀到最棒的小說,所以我就剛好在布克獎最後公布得獎前把這本讀完。整體而言,雖然這本書有一些地方讓我沒有那麼愛,但我很喜歡他討論的議題,以及呈現的角色個性與互動,我也滿高興我有真的找來讀的。
我想先講講Wallace與他的「朋友們」,我覺得這本書最讓我喜愛的點之一就是角色的刻畫以及彼此間複雜的關係。大家可能不知道(?),但我近期發現一個會讓我喜歡一本書的點,就是對於一群角色之間的互動細膩的呈現,我很愛讀到那種情緒堆疊累積、角色間的衝突、矛盾的感情等,不只是表面上的對話,更吸引人的是檯面下的暗潮洶湧,像是我的愛書If We Were Villains。這本書中,Wallace有一群與他互稱為「朋友」的人,總共可能有十個上下,儘管人數眾多,每個人都有著非常鮮明、獨特的個性,而且與其他角色的互動關係也都有意思,我最喜歡的部分都是這群朋友相聚對話的部分,那種衝突與張力呈現的很棒。
我覺得他們彼此之間的感情也很有意思,這群人中有些是情侶、有些好像迷戀著對方但又有各自的伴侶、有些則是難以描述的複雜情感,看到各種不同樣貌的愛情讓我覺得很有趣。尤其當然篇幅最多的是Wallace自己與另一人的一段感情,這段感情也是讓我最摸不著頭緒但也最感興趣的,兩人之間的一來一往,有時候像是跳舞一般的一退一進都很有意思。
我之所以一直在朋友加上引號,是因為我在讀的時候,一直在想,什麼是朋友? 他們這一群人真的是Wallace的朋友嗎? 在書中有一段我印象很深的部分,是Wallace在這群朋友對話中被其中一人針對,被刻意刁難,儘管沒有明講,但明顯感受的到是與他的膚色有關,而他當著所有朋友的面羞辱時,其他人卻默不吭聲,擺著尷尬的表情。朋友是那種看著你被當眾為難而沒有任何作為的人嗎? 在這段後有一段摘句我覺得非常痛心但卻也是那麼真實,他說儘管總是有善良且真心愛他的白人,他們更害怕其他白人而決定捨棄他的感受,不論他們多麼地有愛、善良,他們永遠都會是同謀、一個等著發生的傷口。
講到關於種族的部分,這本書真的把Wallace受到的那些歧視/不平等表現的淋漓盡致,從他的朋友們到他的同學,甚至他的指導教授都可以看到不公平的對待與異樣的眼光。當然不是每個歧視的表現都是明目張膽的對峙,更多的是那些日常互動上的細微差異,那些不經意或無意吐出的傷人話語,或是暗中刻意的攻擊(Microaggression),這些我覺得從書中也能明顯的感受到,尤其我們又讀到Wallace的感受,讓我很深刻的是Wallace的態度,他很多時候會選擇躲避對質,默默吞下所有的惡意,因為從過去經驗,他知道無論他講什麼都不會改變現實,他的憤怒早已被這些歧視消磨成無力。我在讀到這些部分時,很多時候都讓我非常氣憤,是真的狠狠緊握雙手的憤怒,同時也心痛Wallace的遭遇與他的無力感。
接著提一下文字部分,作者Brandon Taylor的文筆很漂亮,我覺得在故事描寫上很棒,但在講述心理上或意識想法時,雖然仍然很美,但會讓我有點難抓到背後的意義(也有可能只是個人資質駑鈍XD)。雖然說這本書是一個周末的故事,但其實每一段故事都穿插著Wallace的想法/過去等等,所以其實整本書的感覺其實滿dense(稠密?),加上前面幾段,因為介紹Wallace的研究方面,有很多專有名詞以及我不了解的專業知識,加上同時也介紹了很多人們,一下子資訊量頗大,我覺得前面吸收會比較困難一點。
最後講一下結局,我很喜歡這本書作為結局的最後一章,(當然我不會暴雷),它跟一般結局不太一樣,也絕對不是我預期的走向,但我覺得它給了一個很有意思的對比,也讓讀者能自行填補空隙,同時也滿符合整本書的風格,讓我感到有些悲傷。

總結

Real Life是一本會讓你氣憤、難過、無力的書,但更重要的是它會讓你深思,看到種族歧視最真實的一面。

後話

幾部提到這本的Booktube影片 : (算是讓我找來讀的動力XD)

摘句

It always seemed to him that when people were sad for you, they were sad for themselves, as if your misfortune were just an excuse for them to feel what it was they wanted to feel. Sympathy was a kind of ventriloquism. (Ch. 1)
No one is going to say, Well, Wallace, it’s okay if you don’t have your part of the data. You were being treated poorly. And there is the other thing—the shadow pain, he calls it, because he cannot say its real name. Because to say its real name would be to cause trouble, to make waves. To draw attention to it, as though it weren’t in everything already.(Ch. 2)
The most unfair part of it, Wallace thinks, is that when you tell white people that something is racist, they hold it up to the light and try to discern if you are telling the truth. As if they can tell by the grain if something is racist or not, and they always trust their own judgment. It’s unfair because white people have a vested interest in underestimating racism, its amount, its intensity, its shape, its effects. They are the fox in the henhouse. (Ch.2)
This is why Wallace never tells anyone anything. This is why he keeps the truth to himself, because other people don’t know what to do with your shit, with the reality of other people’s feelings. They don’t know what to do when they’ve heard something that does not align with their own perception of things.(Ch.3)
It is why he does not trust memory. Memory sifts. Memory lifts. Memory makes due with what it is given. Memory is not about facts. Memory is an inconsistent measurement of the pain in one’s life.(Ch.4)
What Roman is referring to is instead a deficiency of whiteness, a lack of some requisite sameness. This deficiency cannot be overcome. The fact is, no matter how hard he tries or how much he learns or how many skills he masters, he will always be provisional in the eyes of these people, no matter how they might be fond of him or gentle with him.(Ch.4)
Kindness is a debt, Wallace thinks. Kindness is something owed and something repaid. Kindness is an obligation.(Ch.4)
They do not understand that for them it will get better, while for him the misery will only change shape.(Ch.4)
There will always be this moment. There will always be good white people who love him and want the best for him but who are more afraid of other white people than of letting him down. It is easier for them to let it happen and to triage the wound later than to introduce an element of the unknown into the situation. No matter how good they are, no matter how loving, they will always be complicit, a danger, a wound waiting to happen. There is no amount of loving that will ever bring Miller closer to him in this respect. There is no amount of desire. There will always remain a small space between them, a space where people like Roman will take root and say ugly, hateful things to him. It’s the place in every white person’s heart where their racism lives and flourishes, not some vast open plain but a small crack, which is all it takes.(Ch.4)
Perhaps friendship is really nothing but controlled cruelty. Maybe that’s all they’re doing, lacerating each other and expecting kindness back. (Ch.6)
The truly awful thing about beauty is that it reminds us of our limits. Beauty is a kind of unrelenting cruelty. It takes the truth, hones it to a terrifying keenness, and uses it to slice us to the bone.(Ch.7)

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