國務卿克林頓就南中國海問題發表聲明●DoS發言人辦公室（2011.07.23）2011/1230
國務卿克林頓就南中國海問題發表聲明●DoS發言人辦公室（2011.07.23）2011/1230
國務卿克林頓發表關於南中國海的聲明
美國讚賞東盟（ASEAN）和中國本星期宣佈就執行有關指導方針達成一致意見，以促進建立信心的措施和在南中國海的聯合專案。這是朝著達成行為準則（Code of Conduct）的方向邁出的重要的第一步，反映了通過對話和多邊外交能取得的進展。我們期待取得進一步進展。
最近這項協議令美國感到鼓舞，因為作為一個太平洋國家和常駐大國，在南中國海的航行自由、自由進入亞洲海域、維護和平與穩定及尊重國際法涉及我們的國家利益。我們反對在南中國海提出索求的任何一方為實現其索求以武力相威脅或使用武力，或干擾正當的經濟活動。我們不僅與東盟成員和東盟地區論壇（ASEAN Regional Forum）參與方，而且與其他海洋國家和更廣泛的國際社會共同擁有這些利益。美國支持提出索求的所有各方為解決在南中國海的各種爭端採取相互合作的外交程式。我們還支持2002年東盟-中國的“南海各方行為宣言”（Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea）。但對於涉及南中國海地貌特徵的互有爭議的各種領土爭端，我們採取不偏向任何一方的立場。我們認為所有各方都應根據國際法，包括1982年海洋法公約（Law of the Sea Convention）體現的內容，尋求各自對領土的索求及附帶海域空間的權利。最近在南中國海發生的事件危及作為亞太地區取得顯著進展之基礎的和平與穩定，美國為此表示關注。這些事件危及海上生命安全，加劇緊張局勢，破壞航行自由，並對合法、不受阻礙的通商活動和經濟發展構成威脅。根據2002年東盟-中國發佈的宣言，有關各方都應遵守各自作出的各項承諾，根據國際法尊重南中國海的航行自由和飛越上空的自由，通過和平方式解決爭端，不以武力相威脅或使用武力。對於進行可導致爭端複雜化或升級並影響和平與穩定的活動，各方應自我克制，其中包括不採取行動占居目前無人居住的島嶼、礁石、淺灘、沙洲和其他特徵的地物，並以建設性的方式處理相互間的分歧。美國鼓勵各方加速努力，達成全面的南中國海行為準則。我們還呼籲各方根據習慣國際法，包括海洋公約法體現的內容，闡明各自在南中國海的索求。根據國際法，對南中國海海域空間提出的索求應完全派生於按地貌特徵提出的正當索求。
（完）
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STATEMENT BY SECRETARY CLINTON
The South China Sea
We commend this week’s announcement that ASEAN and China have agreed on implementing guidelines to facilitate confidence building measures and joint projects in the South China Sea. This is an important first step toward achieving a Code of Conduct and reflects the progress that can be made through dialogue and multilateral diplomacy. We look forward to further progress.
The United States is encouraged by this recent agreement because as a Pacific nation and resident power we have a national interest in freedom of navigation, open access to Asia’s maritime domain, the maintenance of peace and stability, and respect for international law in the South China Sea.
We oppose the threat or use of force by any claimant in the South China Sea to advance its claims or interfere with legitimate economic activity. We share these interests not only with ASEAN members and ASEAN Regional Forum participants, but with other maritime nations and the broader international community.
The United States supports a collaborative diplomatic process by all claimants for resolving the various disputes in the South China Sea. We also support the 2002 ASEAN-China Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea. But we do not take a position on the competing territorial claims over land features in the South China Sea. We believe all parties should pursue their territorial claims and accompanying rights to maritime space in accordance with international law, including as reflected in the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention.
The United States is concerned that recent incidents in the South China Sea threaten the peace and stability on which the remarkable progress of the Asia-Pacific region has been built. These incidents endanger the safety of life at sea, escalate tensions, undermine freedom of navigation, and pose risks to lawful unimpeded commerce and economic development.
In keeping with the 2002 ASEAN-China Declaration, each of the parties should comply with their commitments to respect freedom of navigation and over-flight in the South China Sea in accordance with international law, to resolve their disputes through peaceful means, without resorting to the threat or use of force. They should exercise self-restraint in the conduct of activities that would complicate or escalate disputes and affect peace and stability including, among others, refraining from taking action to inhabit presently uninhabited islands, reefs, shoals, cays, and other features, and to handle their differences in a constructive manner.
The United States encourages all parties to accelerate efforts to reach a full Code of Conduct in the South China Sea.
We also call on all parties to clarify their claims in the South China Sea in terms consistent with customary international law, including as reflected in the Law of the Sea Convention. Consistent with international law, claims to maritime space in the South China Sea should be derived solely from legitimate claims to land features.
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