2024年《Kubernetes 完整安裝指南》- 技術乾貨篇

前言：

這一篇主要是以「乾貨」為主，目的是讓需要的人能僅靠複製貼上就能達到最終目的，完成K8S的完整安裝。

先秀最終結果

安裝開始：

Kubernetes Control-Plane Node 和 Kubernetes Worker Node 都需要安裝

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

sudo swapoff -a
sudo sed -i '/swap/s/^/#/' /etc/fstab
free -l

# 這邊我是用GCP Demo，因此沒有「sudo sed -i '/swap/s/^/#/' /etc/fstab」這個需求，故無下該指令。

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF

sudo modprobe overlay
sudo modprobe br_netfilter

sudo sysctl --system

sudo apt install ca-certificates curl

sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

echo \
"deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

sudo apt update
sudo apt install containerd.io

containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml

sudo sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup \= false/SystemdCgroup \= true/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml

vi /etc/containerd/config.toml

#disabled_plugins = []

sudo systemctl restart containerd
sudo systemctl status containerd
sudo systemctl enable containerd

curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.30/deb/Release.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg

echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.30/deb/ /' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl

sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl

僅 Kubernetes Control-Plane Node 安裝

ip addr
kubeadm join 10.140.0.15:6443 --token wolaoa.u36t8fpwg0jab5vu \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:34135b2b2fc1bfcd1d601dcc565ea54128b67840f506ade64875b6c3c071c48b

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flannel-io/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

僅 Kubernetes Worker Node 安裝

kubeadm join 10.140.0.15:6443 --token wolaoa.u36t8fpwg0jab5vu \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:34135b2b2fc1bfcd1d601dcc565ea54128b67840f506ade64875b6c3c071c48b

echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

kubectl get nodes

參考資料：

1. Kubernetes 文档
2. 筆記 | 在 Ubuntu 22.04 安裝 Kubernetes Cluster
3. k8s重启报错：Get “http://localhost:8080/api?timeout=32s“: dial tcp [::1]:8080: connect: connection refuse
4. k8s初始化报错 [ERROR CRI]: container runtime is not running: