113學年臺灣大學心理系轉學考 - 普通心理學(05)

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Which of the following statements about sleep is true?
(A) The order and depth of sleep stages varies greatly across individuals.
(B) The pattern of sleep cycles varies with age.
(C) The sleeper graudully moves from wakefulness to deep sleep after the first two hours of sleep.
(D) all of above are true.
以下關於睡眠的敘述何者正確?
(A) 每個人的睡眠次序與睡眠深度差異很大
(B) 睡眠循環會因年紀而有不同的模式
(C) 睡眠者會在兩小時後逐漸進入深眠
(D) 以上皆對


睡眠循環圖

睡眠循環圖

睡眠循環總共分為4階段:N1、N2、N3以及REM。一個循環約為90分鐘,一個人平均約4-6個循環,晚上時松果體(pineal grand)會釋放褪黑激素(melatonin),使人進入睡眠狀態,而早上時腎上腺會分泌皮質醇(crotisol),有助於喚醒身體,並給予能量。因此,若在深睡時被叫醒的人會比在淺眠時叫起的人更有疲倦感。

從EEG的電波圖中,我們可以發現在不同階段會有不同的腦波。清醒時會是頻率高振福小的beta波;N1、N2淺眠階段時,會是頻率開始變緩、振幅變大的alpha波與theta波;進入N3深眠階段時,會是振幅更大的delta波;接著來到快速動眼期REM,其波型與清醒時的beta波相似,作夢也大部分坐落在這個階段。

(備註:可使用此口訣記住波的順序"BAT Drink Red Blood"-Beta, Alpha, Theta, Delta, REM, Back to the stage N1)

N2階段佔領睡眠時間約55%,是占比最大的階段,入睡後30分鐘大約會到N3,1小時候則會到REM。N3睡眠越好則身體修復能力越好,此時身體肌肉都呈現放鬆狀態,若會打呼則是因為進入此階段時,肌肉放鬆到阻礙了呼吸道。建議就醫治療,以便讓N3階段能夠有更好的睡眠品質。


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