如何在 Ubuntu 20.04 主機上安裝 WordPress (2021)

1. 建立 WordPress 資料庫
2. 安裝 Wordpress
3. 解決 佈景主題 外掛 無法安裝問題
4. 解決 永久連結 無法使用 問題
5. 手動 安裝 SSL 憑證

$ sudo tar xvzf latest-zh_TW.tar.gz

$ sudo cp -r wordpress/* /var/www/html

$ cd /var/www/html
$ sudo mv index.html _index.html

$ sudo vim /var/www/html/wp-config.php

解決方式 WordPress 繞過 FTP 自動升級外掛與佈景主題

$ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/wp-content/

$ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/wp-includes/

$ sudo vim /var/www/html/wp-config.php

define('FS_METHOD', 'direct');

$ sudo service apache2 restart

$ sudo service mysql restart

WordPress .htaccess 修改問題

$ sudo vim /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

<Directory />
        Options FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Require all denied
</Directory>

<Directory /usr/share>
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
</Directory>

<Directory /var/www/>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride all
        Require all granted
</Directory>

$ sudo vim /var/www/html/.htaccess

$ sudo chmod 777 -R /var/www/html/.htaccess

$ sudo a2enmod rewrite

$ sudo service apache2 restart

$ sudo service mysql restart

1. 要有Public IP
2. 要註冊域名

$ sudo apt install python3-certbot-apache -y

$ sudo certbot --apache -d my.domain

roy@royt20210801:~$ sudo certbot --apache -d web.gcproy.ml

Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
Plugins selected: Authenticator apache, Installer apache
Enter email address (used for urgent renewal and security notices) (Enter 'c' to
cancel): [email protected] (一定要輸入email)

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Please read the Terms of Service at
https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf. You must
agree in order to register with the ACME server at
https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
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(A)gree/(C)ancel: a

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Would you be willing to share your email address with the Electronic Frontier
Foundation, a founding partner of the Let's Encrypt project and the non-profit
organization that develops Certbot? We'd like to send you email about our work
encrypting the web, EFF news, campaigns, and ways to support digital freedom.
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(Y)es/(N)o: y
Obtaining a new certificate
Performing the following challenges:
http-01 challenge for web.gcproy.ml
Waiting for verification...
Cleaning up challenges
Created an SSL vhost at /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default-le-ssl.conf
Enabled Apache socache_shmcb module
Enabled Apache ssl module
Deploying Certificate to VirtualHost /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default-le                              -ssl.conf
Enabling available site: /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default-le-ssl.conf

Please choose whether or not to redirect HTTP traffic to HTTPS, removing HTTP ac                              cess.
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1: No redirect - Make no further changes to the webserver configuration.
2: Redirect - Make all requests redirect to secure HTTPS access. Choose this for
new sites, or if you're confident your site works on HTTPS. You can undo this
change by editing your web server's configuration.
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Select the appropriate number [1-2] then [enter] (press 'c' to cancel): 1
Future versions of Certbot will automatically configure the webserver so that al                              l requests redirect to secure HTTPS access. You can control this behavior and di                              sable this warning with the --redirect and --no-redirect flags.

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Congratulations! You have successfully enabled https://web.gcproy.ml

You should test your configuration at:
https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=web.gcproy.ml
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IMPORTANT NOTES:
 - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/web.gcproy.ml/fullchain.pem
   Your key file has been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/web.gcproy.ml/privkey.pem
   Your cert will expire on 2021-10-30. To obtain a new or tweaked
   version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot again
   with the "certonly" option. To non-interactively renew *all* of
   your certificates, run "certbot renew"
 - Your account credentials have been saved in your Certbot
   configuration directory at /etc/letsencrypt. You should make a
   secure backup of this folder now. This configuration directory will
   also contain certificates and private keys obtained by Certbot so
   making regular backups of this folder is ideal.
 - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:

   Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
   Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le

roy@royt20210801:~$

$ sudo certbot renew --dry-run

結語