Beijing’s MIRV Tests: launching of DF-41, JL-2 and DF-5A aiming at THAAD
【Comment】
7月24日,中國試射獨立多彈頭(MIRV)的機動「東風-41」,俱第一擊能力的彈道飛彈,代表已放棄「不率先使用核武」的政策。8月16日早上,中國試射新型潛射彈道飛彈「巨浪-2」,據說是第一擊的彈道飛彈,是MIRV。
8月20日,中國試射「東風-5A」,洲際彈道飛彈,也是MIRV。
但如此密集且未張聲的秀MIRV,目的在對抗美國正在東亞推行的飛彈防禦網THAAD。下一輪會是什麼?
中國繼DF-41後又試射巨浪-2導彈!◎東方網(2012.08.23)
http://sankei.jp.msn.com/world/news/120807/chn12080718360002-n1.htm
東方網8月22日消息:美國“華盛頓自由燈塔”網站2012年8月21日登載比爾-格爾茨(Bill Gertz)的文章,中國軍隊上周進行了新型潛射彈道導彈飛行試驗,這次發射是在一種新型多彈頭、地面機動導彈試射一個月之後。
新型“巨浪2”導彈的飛行試驗是8月16日早上進行的,從一艘在渤海巡航的新型“晉”級彈道導彈核潛艇上發射,該海域位於中國東北沿海附近,北韓半島以西,美國官員說。
美國國防情報局發言人拒絕對此次試驗發表評論。
一位官員說,新型“巨浪2”導彈標誌著在中國不斷增加的核武庫中有了一種“具有第一次打擊潛力”的核導彈。
這次潛艇導彈發射,是中國在7月24日試射新型“東風41”公路機動型洲際彈道導彈之後進行的,估計“東風41”導彈攜帶了多彈頭分導式再入飛行器。
7月24日的“東風41”導彈試射是這種新型遠端洲際彈道導彈的第一次試驗,該型導彈在這次試射之前一直處於保密狀態。
外界盛传中国试射最强DF41洲际导弹 震动美国◎環球(2012.08.22)
http://mil.huanqiu.com/paper/2012-08/3057429.html
【環球時報特約記者 田劍威 記者 劉 揚]“未來中國‘東風-41’洲際導彈搭載的核彈頭足以瞄準每一個人口超過5萬的美國城鎮。”中國二炮部隊7月24日進行導彈試射後,研究中國核項目的美國喬治敦大學教授菲力浦·卡博做出這樣的警告。英國《簡氏防務週刊》22日(提前出版)宣稱,這次發射的就是中國最新型“東風-41”洲際導彈,它不僅大幅提高了射程,而且還能攜帶多達10枚分導核彈頭打擊不同目標。熟悉二炮情況的中國軍事專家魏國安21日接受《環球時報》記者採訪時否認試射的導彈是“東風-41”,但他表示,二炮正在發展的第三代洲際導彈符合西方描述的特徵,“中國必須有限度地發展第三代核武器,才能更有效地應對安全挑戰”。
《簡氏防務週刊》稱,從2007年以來,中國網路上出現多張照片,顯示搭載“東風-41”導彈的運輸/起豎/發射三用車(TEL)行駛在高速公路上。報道援引美國匿名官員的話說,7月24日二炮部隊發射的就是當前中國最先進的“東風-41”洲際導彈,“這是美國當局首度確認該導彈項目的存在”。尤其讓西方關注的是,“東風-41”可能採用多彈頭獨立重返大氣層載具(MIRV)技術。該技術並非是簡單地在一枚導彈上裝載多枚分彈頭,而是讓每個分彈頭都有獨立的飛行彈道,可調整軌跡攻擊不同目標。這樣每枚反導攔截導彈最多只能摧毀一個分彈頭,讓反導系統的效能大為降低。一名亞洲軍事專家告訴簡氏記者,“東風-41”可攜帶多達10枚分導式核彈頭,這將嚴重動搖美國反導系統的可靠性。
《簡氏防務週刊》稱,與中國現役的“東風-31”和“東風-31A”洲際導彈一樣,“東風-41”可能也採用“冷發射”方式,即借助輔助動力單元把導彈從發射筒內彈射出去,在導彈到達一定高度後再點燃主發動機飛行。報道猜測,“東風-41”屬於三級固態燃料推進導彈,與“東風-31”相比,前者彈體直徑更大,長度更長,意味著彈頭載荷與射程更具威懾性。此外,“東風-41”採用與俄制“白楊-M”洲際導彈相同的TEL三用車作為機動發射平臺,比“東風-31”機動平臺更具打擊靈活性。
對於中國核力量的發展,西方總是投以各種猜疑的眼光。美國“華盛頓自由燈塔”網站刊登的報道稱,二炮部隊7月24日從山西五寨導彈基地向數千英里遠的西部沙漠發射新型導彈,這類飛行試驗往往會通過限制第一級火箭的工作時間來縮短射程,以確保導彈落入中國境內。
該報道還說,中國一直聲稱不會首先使用核武器,核力量用於反擊針對其領土的核襲擊。但由於裝備MIRV的洲際導彈是理想的“第一次核打擊”(打擊軍事目標)武器,“東風-41”不僅是中國第一種攜帶多彈頭的戰略導彈,而且也具備可靠的“第一次核打擊能力”,這可能代表中國將改變“不首先使用核武器”的承諾。卡博說,未來二炮部隊只需要擁有32部可重新裝填的“東風-41”洲際導彈發射裝置,其攜帶的核彈頭就足以瞄準每一個人口超過5萬的美國城鎮。他宣稱,“如果中國最終制訂了這種針對美國城市打擊社會財富的戰略,而我們不建設用來抗擊的導彈防禦系統,就意味著在亞洲增強核威懾力量的終結”。
美媒:中國DF41﹑JL2後試射DF5A s◎環球網論壇(2012.08.23)
http://bbs.huanqiu.com/thread-1717837-1-1.html
【環球網綜合報導】2012年8月23日,華盛頓自由燈塔網站(freebeacon.com)發表美國資深媒體人比爾-戈茨(Bill Gertz)文章,詳細報導了中國在四周之內試射三枚導彈的細節,以及美國各方的評論。現將文章主要內容編譯如下:
據美國官方報導,8月20日,中國繼續進行戰略導彈發射系列試驗,這是中國在四周內的第三次試驗。美國軍用感測器探測到中國於清晨時分在距北京西南267英里的陝西省某導彈和空間試驗中心進行了發射試驗,美國判斷這是採用發射井方式的“東風-5A型”(北約代號CSS-4 Mod 2),射向了中國西部的沙漠地區。該導彈與7月24日中國試射的新型“東風-41”型陸基機動洲際彈道導彈和新型潛射“JL-2”導彈一樣,均可攜帶多彈頭,也可作為誘餌彈頭欺騙導彈防禦系統。
美國情報分析家認為,中國將裝備多彈頭導彈,主要原因是應對美國導彈防禦系統對單彈頭導彈的有效防禦。例如,近期的一份中國軍事譯文聲稱,由於美國計畫發展新型反導武器——“多重殺傷載具”(MKV),中國通過改進彈頭設計、增加彈頭數量並配合使用假彈頭,擾亂美國反導系統的感測器,從而提高導彈彈頭的穿透力。
五角大樓並不確定這三次試射情報來源的準確性,一位資深防務官員認為試射並沒有“拉響警報”,根本不能證明中國已經掌握了所有必備導彈技術。一位美國官員聲稱,雖然沒有確認這三次試射是否成功,但是根據感測器顯示,導彈飛行沒有失敗。另一位官員認為,試射表明中國致力於提高首次核打擊能力。此前,中國稱其核部隊主要是“二次打擊”武器,用來應對針對中國的核攻擊,中國也一再強調中國將不會在衝突中首先使用核武器。但是,據傳由於中國討論過使用核武器應對美國遠端精確常規巡航導彈打擊,而非針對核打擊的核反擊,五角大樓一直質疑這一方針。
美軍認為空軍的戰略導彈試射相對滯後,歸咎於奧巴馬政府將導彈試射作為政治手段,而非技術和戰術手段。今年早些時候,空軍已經在加利福尼亞部署了一枚“民兵-3”型洲際導彈,但是試驗卻推遲了三次,表面上是出於技術和射程安全的考慮。一位軍方官員透露,民兵導彈試射推遲,是由於對中國和俄羅斯的政治顧慮,並不是技術問題。空軍全球打擊司令部發言人解釋說,推遲試射並非政治原因,技術和安全問題才是真正的原因,導彈試射定於11月14日進行。俄羅斯也在建設新型遠端導彈,計畫兩次潛射導彈試驗,其中一枚設計穿透美國的導彈防禦系統。
中國本周的導彈試射正值中國人民解放軍副總參謀長蔡英挺中將和其他4名將軍訪問五角大樓,沒人知道蔡是否被美軍高官問及導彈試射一事。中國軍事事務專家理查-費舍爾(Richard Fisher)認為,最近的一次導彈試射意義重大,“CSS-4(東風5A型)和東風5B型相同,都是東風系列的多彈頭型”。“一個月時間內解放軍試射了2枚多彈頭陸基洲際導彈和1枚潛射彈道導彈”。至少是要告訴我們將有更多的核彈頭指向美國。
美國原子能科學家聯合會主任漢斯-克裡斯滕森(Hans M. Kristensen)認為CSS-4試射表明中國計畫用固體燃料導彈替代陳舊的液體燃料導彈庫,CSS-4是中國未來多彈頭導彈的候選型號;美國情報機構已經關注中國的多彈頭發展近10年,如果中國願意,CSS-4就是多彈頭的運載工具。中國公路機動式“東風-31”和“東風-31A”洲際彈道導彈的發展,可能刺激中國產生多彈頭導彈的需求,同樣,生產穿透目標的誘餌彈頭也會水到渠成。(戰略網/長風)
MANCHU MISSILE LAUNCH◎The Washington Free Beacon(2012.08.15)
http://freebeacon.com/manchu-missile-launch/
China’s military conducted the first flight test of a new long-range intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) that U.S. officials say will be Beijing’s first strategic missile armed with multiple warheads.
The flight test of the DF-41 road-mobile ICBM occurred July 24 and is raising new concerns within the U.S. military and intelligence agencies over China’s long-range missile threat, according to officials familiar with reports of the test.
The DF-41 missile is a first-strike nuclear capability, based on its mobility, estimated range, targeting precision, and multiple warheads.
In addition to shorter-range ICBMs known as the DF-31 and DF-31A, which are believed to target India and Russia, the new ICBM is said by U.S. officials to be designed to hit U.S. targets with multiple nuclear warheads.
China has claimed it will not be the first to use nuclear weapons and that its nuclear forces are designed for a counterstrike against a nuclear attack on its territory.
The DF-41 development has called into question the so-called no-first-use policy, officials said.
The test is also likely to renew debate within U.S. intelligence circles about whether China is seeking only a limited nuclear force, or is secretly building up its nuclear forces to challenge U.S. strategic power.
The new missile bolsters China’s strategic forces, making them among the most diverse in the world, with a variety of short-, medium-, intermediate-, and intercontinental-range missiles.
China also has developed ground-launched anti-satellite missiles and a unique anti-ship ballistic missile with enough accuracy to hit U.S. aircraft carriers at sea.
China, US to begin new arms race?◎Voice of Russia(2012.08.23)
http://english.ruvr.ru/2012_08_23/China-US-to-begin-new-arms-race/
China intends to significantly increase its missile potential. According to the influential Jane’s Defence Weekly, China has successfully test-fired the Dongfeng-41 (DF-41) intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) capable of reaching any spot on US territory. Beijing denied the information, but admitted that it is developing a new-generation ICB capable of destroying targets all across the world.
Beijing seems to start placing its stake on an alternative cooperation with the United States, China’s main economic partner. It’s clear the two countries’ trade and economic ties will dominate for years to come. At the same time, instability in various parts of the world and the US’ ever-increasing ambitions prompt China to consider taking a spate of the military containment-related steps.
On Thursday, Washington signaled its readiness to deploy elements of the US missile shield in Asia and the Far East, something that is almost certain to prod China to further expand its regional clout by notably beefing up its military might. Alexander Larin is expert of the Moscow-based Far East Institute.
"It is only natural that China continues to strengthen its army’s defense capabilities," Larin says. "We, however, should take into consideration the unfolding competition between China and the US over a spate of areas in Eastern Asia, a zone of China’s vital interests. Beijing is trying to oust the US from these areas and undermine its influence there, something that spreads to a military sphere and makes China start an arms race."
According to the Jane’s Defense Weekly, the DF-41 was test-launched from the Wuzhai Missile Test Center in the central Chinese province of Shanxi a month ago. Washington Free Baconalso reported the launch, referring to the US intelligence sources which said, in particular, that the DF-41 has a range of up to 15,000 kilometers and is equipped with 10 nuclear warheads. The Pentagon has already dubbed the DF-41 a “first-strike weapon”, designed to cover the entire US territory.
Russian defense experts have, meanwhile, expressed surprise about the turmoil surrounding the DF-41 given that many countries knew about this ICBM missile before. They were echoed by Moscow-based military expert Viktor Baranets.
"China began to develop the Dongfeng, or Eastern Wind, ICBMs back in the 1980s, and there are several modifications of these missiles, including the DF-41, which has already been put on service," Baranets says. "China is just test-firing the DF-41’s missile carrier, something that has been tracked by the US Missile and Space Intelligence Center," he concludes.
Right now, China has 70 ICBMs and 410 warheads, an arsenal that, of course, yields to that of the US. Sources in the secret services claimed that the missiles that are currently on service in China are capable of reaching just separate regions of the US Pacific Coast, as well as India and part of Russian territory. If the DF-41’s technical characteristics are confirmed, this will drastically change the situation.
Beijing has repeatedly expressed frustration about Washington’s plans to beef up its military presence in Asia and the Far East. Earlier this year, the Pentagon signaled readiness to deploy its missile interceptors on the territories of Australia, South Korea and Japan, a move that the Pentagon attributed to a threat emanating from North Korea. In February 2012, Russian and foreign experts predicted that Washington’s attempts to deploy the US interceptors near the Chinese border are all but sure to infuriate Beijing. Their forecasts came true in August which saw the publication of the facts that neither China nor the US wanted to reveal.


















