英文助動詞|功能、用法與例句

英文助動詞|功能、用法與例句

更新於 發佈於 閱讀時間約 3 分鐘

在英文中,助動詞(Auxiliary Verbs) 扮演極為重要的角色。它們能幫助我們表達語氣、時間、動作狀態或說話者的態度。常見的助動詞分為兩類:

  1. 基本助動詞(Primary Auxiliaries):如 do / be / have
  2. 情態助動詞(Modal Verbs):如 can / may / must / should

本文將會詳細說明各種助動詞的功能與用法,並附上例句幫助理解。


✅ 助動詞的基本語法規則

  1. 助動詞 + 原形動詞(不加 s / ing / ed)
    • ✅ She can swim.
    • ❌ She can swims.
  2. 否定形式:助動詞 + not
    • He cannot come.
    • You should not worry.
  3. 疑問句:助動詞放句首
    • Do you like coffee?
    • Can she drive?

🔹 一、基本助動詞 Do / Does / Did

📌 用法

dodoesdid用來幫助構成否定句與疑問句的助動詞。它本身沒有意義,重點是讓主要動詞正確出現在句中。


✅ 否定句

  • I do not like onions.(我不喜歡洋蔥。)
  • She does not understand.(她不懂。)
  • We did not see him yesterday.(我們昨天沒看到他。)

✅ 疑問句

  • Do you speak English?(你會說英文嗎?)
  • Does he live in Taipei?(他住在台北嗎?)
  • Did they finish the job?(他們完成工作了嗎?)

✅ 強調語氣

有時候 do 也可用來強調肯定語氣:

  • I do like your idea!(我真的喜歡你的想法!)
  • He did say that.(他真的有說那句話。)

🔹 二、情態助動詞 Modal Verbs

這類助動詞用來表達能力、請求、建議、可能性、義務等語氣,搭配原形動詞使用:

1. Can / Could

  • 表示能力:She can play the piano.
  • 請求:Could you help me?

2. May / Might

  • 允許:You may go now.
  • 可能性:It might rain later.

3. Shall / Should

  • 建議:You should sleep earlier.
  • 提議:Shall we dance?

4. Will / Would

  • 未來:I will call you later.
  • 假設語氣:If I were rich, I would travel the world.

5. Must

  • 義務:You must wear a helmet.
  • 推論:She must be tired.

🎯 小測驗練習

填入正確的助動詞(do/does/did/can/should 等):

  1. He ___ not want to go.
  2. ___ you like coffee?
  3. You ___ try this – it's great!
  4. I ___ believe she said that!
  5. She ___ go to work every day.

解答在最下方


🧠 小技巧:助動詞的記憶建議

  • Do/Does/Did:用來構成「一般句」的否定與疑問,基本操作組合拳!
  • Modal Verbs(can/will/must...):幫你加上「感覺」、「態度」或「義務性」
  • 看到「助動詞 + 原形動詞」這個模式,就是對的!

🧾 總結

raw-image



✔️ 測驗解答:

  1. does
  2. Do
  3. should
  4. do
  5. must / does(根據語氣而定)
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(不可分)(可分)意思代表動詞片語可不可分開 ✅ break down — 故障 / 損壞(不可分) My car broke down on the highway. 我的車在高速公路上拋錨了。 The washing machine broke down again.
✅ hang out — 閒晃 / 聚會(不可分) Do you want to hang out this weekend? 你這週末想一起閒晃嗎? We used to hang out at that café after class. 我們以前常在那間咖啡廳下課後聚會
🧍‍♂️ 人際互動類(擴充+強化) ✅ get along with — 與...相處融洽(不可分) I really get along with my coworkers. Do you get along with your in-laws? 👉 補充例句: It's
(不可分)(可分)意思代表動詞片語可不可分開 ✅ break down — 故障 / 損壞(不可分) My car broke down on the highway. 我的車在高速公路上拋錨了。 The washing machine broke down again.
✅ hang out — 閒晃 / 聚會(不可分) Do you want to hang out this weekend? 你這週末想一起閒晃嗎? We used to hang out at that café after class. 我們以前常在那間咖啡廳下課後聚會
🧍‍♂️ 人際互動類(擴充+強化) ✅ get along with — 與...相處融洽(不可分) I really get along with my coworkers. Do you get along with your in-laws? 👉 補充例句: It's