〈琉球佔領第一號公告〉（1945年4月　尼米茲）　■雲程譯

雲程備註：

這是美軍（海軍）佔領日本琉球群島（南西群島）的第一號佔領命令。我們可以從其內容，理解何謂軍事佔領、軍事佔領對是三權一把抓、台灣受降是否為軍事佔領（有人認為台灣只是受降，不是佔領），同時也能進一步探索各地佔領的手段與效果之不同。

 琉球佔領旗

 

尼米茲公告第一號（1945年4月）　

■　雲程譯

給美國軍隊佔領之南西群島（琉球群島）與附屬水域

茲因日本侵略與攻擊美國只是美國被迫對之宣戰，且；

因軍事佔領並統治前述島嶼為摧毀日本侵略實力與控制日本之軍閥所必要之軍事行動與程序；

為遵守法律與命令與提供我軍與你們雙方的安全與福祉，有必要對美國軍隊佔領的本地與其他南西群島與附屬水域建立軍事統治。

因此，本人，美國海軍一級上將、美國太平洋艦隊與太平洋海域海軍總司令，美國武裝部隊所佔領我所轄之南西群島與附屬水域軍事總督（長官），茲公告如下：

 

第1條

美國武裝部隊所佔領之南西群島與附屬水域與其住民之所有統治權力與管轄權，與最終管理責任賦予身為美國海軍一級上將、佔領軍指揮官與軍事總督之本人，並透過本人麾下之下屬行使。

 

第2條

茲擱置所有日本帝國政府之權力。

 

第3條

所有人民應立即服從我的命令或我的權威。不得我麾下的軍隊有敵意行為或幫助日本軍隊，同時不得有暴力行為或其他任何擾亂公共安全之行為。

 

第4條

你們既有的習慣與財產將被尊重，同時在我認為必要而行使我的權力變更之前，既有的法律將持續有效。

 

第5條

除由地方警察所管轄而行使之違背地方法令的有限度的簡易司法權，在命令改變前可持續有效外，茲擱置所有日本法院之權力與機能。

 

第6條

所有政府、下級政府、鎮、村或其他公務員和聘僱人員，除被我所免職或依據我的命令外，應持續盡忠職守服從我或我委託給美國武裝部隊的命令。

 

第7條

只要你們保持和平並予服從佔領軍，你們將不被戰事以外的事物所打擾。

 

第8條

進一步之公告、命令和規定將不時由我或在我權威下頒佈。這些命令將說明你們應做為與被禁止之項目，這些命令將公布於警察局和各村莊內。

 

第9條

若於本公告或我所授權頒佈之其他公告、命令與規則產生英文與翻譯的衝突或歧義時，以英文本為準。

 

尼米茲

美國海軍一級上將、美國太平洋艦隊與太平洋海域海軍總司令，美國武裝部隊所佔領之南西群島與附屬水域軍事總督（長官）

 

 

Proclamation No. 1 (The Nimitz Proclamation)

April, 1945

To the People of

The Islands of Nansei Shoto and

Adjacent Waters Occupied by United States Forces

WHEREAS Japan ’s aggression and its attack upon the United States have forced the United States to wage war against Japan , and

WHEREAS Military occupation and government of these islands is a necessary part of military operations and of the process of destroying Japan’s power of aggression and the military class which controls the Japanese Empire, and

WHEREAS in order to preserve law and order and to provide for the safety and welfare both of my forces and of yourselves, it is necessary to establish Military Government over this and other Islands of Nansei Shoto and adjacent waters occupied by United States Forces.

NOW, therefore, I, C. W. NIMITZ, Fleet Admiral, United States Navy, Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas, Military Governor of the Islands of Nansei Shoto and adjacent waters occupied by the armed forces of the United States of America under my command, do hereby proclaim as follows:

 

Article I

All powers of government and jurisdiction in the Islands or Nansei Shoto and adjacent waters occupied by the United States Forces and over the inhabitants thereof, and final administrative responsibility are vested in me as Fleet Admiral, United States Navy, Commanding the forces of occupation and as Military Governor, and will be exercised through subordinate commanders by my direction.

 

Article II

All powers of the Government of Japanese Empire are hereby suspended.

 

Article III

All persons will obey promptly all orders given by me or under my authority. They must not commit any act hostile to the forces under my command or helpful to the Japanese forces and must not commit acts of violence or any act which may disturb public safety in any way.

 

Article IV

Your existing customs and property rights will be respected and existing laws will remain in force and effect except insofar as it may be necessary for me in the exercise of my powers and duties to change them.

 

Article V

The powers and functions of all Japenese courts are hereby suspended, except summary judicial powers exercised by the local police, limited to minor offenses against local laws committed by the people under their jurisdiction, will be continued until further order.

 

Article VI

All government, branch government, town, village or other public functionaries and employees except such as are removed by me, or by my direction, are required to continue in the performance of their duties subject to my direction or to the direction of such of the officers of the armed forces of the United States of America as may be deputed for that purpose.

 

Article VII

So long as you remain peaceable and comply with the orders of the forces of occupation you will be subject to no greater interference than is made necessary by war conditions.

 

Article VIII

Further proclamations, orders, and regulations will be issued by me or under my authority from time to time. They will state what is further required of you, and what you are forbidden to do, and will be displayed at police stations and in your villages.

 

Article IX

In case of any conflict or ambiguity between the English text of this proclamation or any other proclamation, order or regulation issued under my authority, and any translation there-of, the English shall prevail.

 

Given under my hand at ________

this _______day of 1945.

C. W. NIMITZ,

Fleet Admiral, United States Navy,

Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas

MILITARY GOVERNOR OF THE ISLANDS OF NANSEI SHOTO AND ADJACENT WATERS

【相關史料】

琉球佔領第一號公告1945年4月（尼米茲公告）　■雲程譯
〈建立琉球政府〉的民政公告No.13（1952.02.29）　■雲程譯
釣魚台歸屬琉球民政府公告第27號1953.12.25　■雲程譯
軍政府的設立與管理關島（上）
軍政府的設立與管理關島（下）