中國與四鄰未來衝突點：西藏蓋水壩
【Comment】國際公認：蓋水壩一定會影響環境，中國外交部說：不會、不會、很小、很低。但沙洲已然浮出水面。中國未來與東南亞與南亞多國的衝突，不僅是鹹水（南海航道）而已，淡水（國際河流：湄公河、恆河、印度河）也是。法廣的中文報導有點奇怪：馬泉河—雅魯藏布江—恆河（印度）—（孟加拉）—孟加拉灣。岡底斯山山麓獅泉河—印度河（印度）—（巴基斯坦）—（喀拉蚩）—阿拉伯海。
印度擔憂中國在雅魯藏布江的水電廠工程影響印度河水位元元◎法廣（2012.03.02）
中國外交部發言人洪磊今天週五表示，中國在2010年在西藏雅魯藏布江建造的一個水壩，並不會影響到印度河的水位，雖然印度河水流目前迅速減弱。
洪磊還表示，為了因應西藏自治區的需求，中國在2010年在西藏雅魯藏布江建造的一個水力發電廠，不會攔截過多的河川水流、不會污染環境。他還表示，一般來說，中國對於此河流的使用量非常少，而且中國在建藏木水電廠時通知了印度，印度方面也表示瞭解。
本次中國外長楊潔篪訪問印度，會晤印度外長克裡希納時，兩人討論到這個問題。印度外長表示，擔心上游在西藏的印度河，會因為中國建造水壩、水力發電廠而受到影響。
楊潔篪向克裡希納表示，根據衛星相片顯示，中國並沒有攔截這條河的任何水流量。中國的水壩工程並沒有破壞上游地區的環境，同時也沒有影響進入印度的河流環境。
根據印度國會一名議員本周向法新社表示，印度河水流量目前迅速減弱，只有它正常水流量的百分之40。
印度河由西藏流經印度西北，經過巴基斯坦，向西南，在卡拉奇，注入阿拉伯海，全長，3千公里。
China denies dam drying up river in India◎Pakistan Daily（2012.03.03）
http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C03%5C03%5Cstory_3-3-2012_pg14_2
* Foreign Ministry spokesman says Tibet ‘projects have not affected lower stream regions in India’
*Hong says Chinese officials have briefed India on development
BEIJING: China denied Friday that a dam it was building on a major river in Tibet was impacting the lower reaches of the waterway in India, despite complaints that water-levels there were plunging.
The Brahmaputra has its source in China’s southwestern Tibet region where it is known as the Yarlung Tsangpo, and it enters India in the mountainous, remote northeastern state of Arunachal Pradesh, where it is called the Siang.
The 1,800-mile (2,900 kilometer) river then descends into the plains of adjoining Assam state and ends in Bangladesh in the Bay of Bengal, along the way supplying water to hundreds of millions of farmers and residents.
Local Indian state lawmaker Tako Dabi told AFP Thursday he suspected China was diverting river water resulting in an estimated 40 percent drop in the flow at the Indian town of Pasighat.
“Our projects have not affected the lower stream regions, including those in India,” China’s foreign ministry spokesman Hong Lei told reporters when asked of his nation’s water usage on the river.
“Overall, the utilisation of the river by the Chinese side is very low.”
China pays attention to the impact on the lower stream regions when developing its water resources, Hong said, adding that Chinese officials have briefed India on its development of the Yarlung Tsangpo. “To satisfy the needs the Tibet Autonomous Region, China has begun to build the hydroelectric power station of Zangmu in the middle part of Yarlung Tsangpo River,” Hong said.
“It does not have a big capacity and does not retain an excessive amount of water. It will not affect the downstream water regulation and environment.”
Beijing has regularly faced similar complaints over its water usage from Southeast Asian nations for damming the Mekong and Salween rivers, both of which originate in China.
Dabi said the drying up of the river in Arunachal Pradesh was shocking with patches of sand showing up along the riverbed. “We suspect the sudden drying up of the Siang could be a result of China either diverting the river water on their side or due to some artificial blockades somewhere in the upper reaches,” Dabi, an advisor to the state’s chief minister and a former home minister, said.
Video footage from the river showed the Siang — normally a gushing torrent several kilometres (miles) wide at Pasighat, according to Dabi — reduced to flowing in narrow channels in a large sandy riverbed.
The problem was highlighted on the day the Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi held talks in New Delhi with his Indian counterpart SM Krishna. afp
中國外交部記者會 2012.03.02
問：印度國內有意見認為，中方在雅魯藏布江上游修建水壩導致印度境內水資源缺乏。中印外長是否談及雅魯藏布江水資源開發問題？
答：在開發利用跨境水資源方面，中國政府始終堅持以人為本、公平合理、開發與保護並重、兼顧上下游的利益，未對包括印度在內的周邊鄰國造成影響。中國對中印跨境水資源開發利用程度總體很低，雅魯藏布江水資源開發利用率不足1%。為滿足中國西藏自治區用電需求，中方2010年在雅魯藏布江中段開建藏木水電站。該水電站容量不大，沒有調蓄能力。水電站建成後，不會使幹流下游流量產生大的變化，不會影響下游防洪減災和生態環境。中方已向印方介紹有關情況，印方表示理解。
http://www.mfa.gov.cn/chn/gxh/tyb/fyrbt/jzhsl/t910460.htm
【相關閱讀】
中國頗具爭議的西藏雅魯藏布江大壩計畫◎國際西藏郵報（2010.05.25）
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