國際刑事法庭起訴蘇丹總統Hassan Ahmad AL BASHIR ■雲程譯自ICC
聯合國附屬機構之一的「國際刑事法庭」（International Criminal Court）在7月14日，首度對現任總統提起「種族屠殺、違反人道罪與戰爭罪」（the crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes）。
這是歷史上的首次，標示著內政絕對、主權至上的時代逐漸過去。
歐洲雖有「王無誤」（King can d no wrong）的傳統，但不要以為1917年引起戰爭的德皇威廉、1945年引起戰爭的裕仁天皇等無罪待遇還會在21世紀再次出現。
國際法下，總統不是君主，待遇不同。而沒有國格、不被承認的君主，待遇連總統還不如。
延伸閱讀：
達佛屠夫！國際刑事法庭 起訴蘇丹總統 ■自由（2008.07.15）
「以強姦為戰爭策略」危及國際和平 ■BBC（2008.06.20）
International Criminal Court
國際刑事法庭因對達爾富進行種族屠殺、違反人道罪與戰爭罪起訴蘇丹總統Hassan Ahmad AL BASHIR ■雲程譯自ICC
2008年7月14日，海牙
情勢：蘇丹達爾富雲程
國際刑事法庭檢察官Luis Moreno-Ocampo今日已檢附證據，證實蘇丹總統Omar Hassan Ahmad AL BASHIR涉嫌對達爾富進行種族屠殺、違反人道罪與戰爭罪。安理會要求其進行調查已經三年，且基於所蒐集之證據，檢察官認為有理由相信Omar Hassan Ahmad AL BASHIR對於10件種族屠殺、違反人道罪與戰爭罪，應承擔刑事責任。雲程
檢察官之證據顯示Al Bashir以種族為由，策劃與執行實際摧毀富爾人（Fur）、馬薩里特人（Masalit）以及札哈瓦人（Zaghawa）族裔。雲程此三個在達爾富有長久影響的族群，為挑戰省政府的排擠而進行反叛。AL BASHIR無法擊敗此武裝行動，故轉而驅逐人民。檢察官說：「其動機為政治性，其辯解為『鎮暴』（counterinsurgency），其意圖為種族屠殺。」雲程
5年多以來，武裝部隊與民兵在AL BASHIR命令下，攻擊與摧毀村莊。他們在沙漠中追捕生還者。他們抵達移置的難民營進行其預謀的摧毀行動。AL BASHIR阻止國際救援。其部隊包圍難民營。一位受害者說：「當我們一看到他們，就拔腿而跑。我們有人幸運逃離，但一些人被抓、被強暴－集體輪暴。約20個男人強暴1位女的。…此事在達爾富十分常見，不斷在發生。我也親眼見過強暴。他們一點也不在乎被人看見，他們在女孩的父母親面前強暴她們。」
5年多以來，數百萬受害者被驅離其世居的土地，其生活工具被摧毀，其土地被破壞，並移置新的移民，在難民營，AL BASHIR的部隊殺害男人強暴女人。檢察官表示，他意在終結富爾、馬薩里特以及札哈瓦族裔的歷史，「我無法視若無睹，我有證據。」5年多以來，AL BASHIR否認其罪行，他說蘇丹並無強暴事件，這是虛構的。AL BASHIR「為了避免犯罪真相被揭露，他以『鎮暴策略』或『部落械鬥』或『無法無天的民兵所為』來掩蓋其罪行。」檢察官說：「他拔擢下屬與提供豁免以使其樂意進行種族屠殺。」
AL BASHIR對在難民營中245萬難民進行計劃性攻擊後，其意圖進行種族屠殺已經與越發明顯。檢察官說：「AL BASHIR對生還者進行組織性的匱乏、傷害、騷擾等行動。他無須發射子彈，他用其他武器：強暴、飢餓，以及恐懼。寧靜而有效。」
今天，證據顯示AL BASHIR並未援助達爾富人民，他傾全國之力，包括武裝部隊、情報機構，和外交與新聞機構，以及 司法體系，對居住在難民營中，以富爾、馬薩里特以及札哈瓦族裔為主的245萬人民進行身體的迫害。
檢察官Moreno-Ocampo說：「AL BASHIR是總統，是三軍統帥。但這並非正式的用語。他運用全國之力，他運用軍隊，他徵召民兵。這些人向他負責，全部服從他一人。其控制是絕對性的。」雲程
第一審查庭（the Pre-Trial Division I）將檢視證據。若法官決議有理由相信所指名的個人犯前述罪刑，他們將會決定保證AL BASHIR出庭的最佳方式。起訴書包括逮捕令的聲請。」
ICC Prosecutor presents case against Sudanese President, Hassan Ahmad AL BASHIR, for genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes in Darfur .
The Hague, 14 July 2008
Situation: Darfur , Sudan
ICC Prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo has presented evidence today showing that Sudanese President, Omar Hassan Ahmad AL BASHIR committed the crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes in Darfur.
Three years after the Security Council requested him to investigate in Darfur , and based on the evidence collected, the Prosecutor has concluded there are reasonable grounds to believe that Omar Hassan Ahmad AL BASHIR bears criminal responsibility in relation to 10 counts of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. 雲程
The Prosecution evidence shows that Al Bashir masterminded and implemented a plan to destroy in substantial part the Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa groups, on account of their ethnicity. Members of the three groups, historically influential in Darfur , were challenging the marginalization of the province; they engaged in a rebellion. AL BASHIR failed to defeat the armed movements, so he went after the people. “His motives were largely political. His alibi was a ‘counterinsurgency.’ His intent was genocide. ” The Prosecutor said.
For over 5 years, armed forces and the Militia/Janjaweed, on AL BASHIR orders, have attacked and destroyed villages. They then pursued the survivors in the desert. Those who reached the camps for the displaced people were subjected to conditions calculated to bring about their destruction. AL BASHIR obstructs international assistance. His forces surround the camps. One victim said: “When we see them, we run. Some of us succeed in getting away, and some are caught and taken to be raped -- gang-raped. Maybe around 20 men rape one woman. […] These things are normal for us here in Darfur . These things happen all the time. I have seen rapes too. It does not matter who sees them raping the women -- they don't care. They rape girls in front of their mothers and fathers”.
For over 5 years, millions of civilians have been uprooted from lands they occupied for centuries, all their means of survival destroyed, their land spoliated and inhabited by new settlers. ‘In the camps AL BASHIR’s forces kill the men and rape the women. He wants to end the history of the Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa people’ said the Prosecutor. ‘I don’t have the luxury to look away. I have evidence’.
For over 5 years, AL BASHIR has denied the crimes. He says rape does not exist in the Sudan . This is a fabrication. “By preventing the truth about the crimes from being revealed; concealing his crimes under the guise of a ‘counterinsurgency strategy’, or ‘inter tribal clashes’, or the ‘actions of lawless autonomous militia’, AL BASHIR made possible the commission of further crimes. He promoted and provided impunity to his subordinates in order
to secure their willingness to commit genocide” The Prosecutor said.
Al BASHIR’s intent to commit genocide became clear with the well coordinated attacks on the 2.450.000 civilians who found a haven in the camps. “AL BASHIR organized the destitution, insecurity and harassment of the survivors. He did not need bullets. He used other weapons: rapes, hunger, and fear. As efficient, but silent.” Said the Prosecutor.
Today, the evidence shows that AL BASHIR, instead of assisting the people of Darfur, has mobilised the entire state apparatus, including the armed forces, the intelligence services, the diplomatic and public information bureaucracies, and the justice system, to subject the 2.450.000 people living in IDP’s camps, most of them members of the target group, to conditions of life calculated to bring about their physical destruction.
“AL BASHIR is the President. He is the Commander in Chief. Those are not just formal words. He used the whole state apparatus, he used the army, he enrolled the Militia/Janjaweed. They all report to him, they all obey him. His control is absolute.” added Prosecutor Moreno-Ocampo.
The Pre-Trial Chamber I will now review the evidence. If the judges determine that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the named individual committed the alleged crimes, they will decide on the best manner to ensure his appearance in court. The Prosecution has requested an arrest warrant.
Summary of the Case: Prosecutor’s Application for Warrant of Arrest under Article 58 Against Omar Hassan Ahmad AL BASHIR - English | French
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