美國各地大學校園近期爆發抗議活動,全美已經有超過2000位人士因此被逮捕,本來保持沉默並將尋求連任的拜登總統,終於承受不住壓力,於美國時間五月二日對全國民眾發表談話,試圖以總統的高度為此次危機設下停損點,但真的有效嗎? 讓我們看下去。
原文: The White House資料來源1
The first is the right to free speech and for people to peacefully assemble and make their voices heard. The second is the rule of law. Both must be upheld.
首先我想說的是任何人都有權利和平地集結並讓自己的聲音被聽見。其次我想說的是法治。這兩項都是需要被捍衛的。
We are not an authoritarian nation where we silence people or squash dissent. The American people are heard.
我們美國不是獨裁國家,不會讓人民噤聲也不會壓制不同的意見。美國人民的聲音是會被聽見的。
In fact, peaceful protest is in the best tradition of how Americans respond to consequential issues. But — but neither are we a lawless country. We are a civil society, and order must prevail.
事實上,和平抗議是美國人民對於有深遠影響議題反饋的最優良傳統。但是美國並不是一個沒有法治的國家。我們是一個公民社會,秩序終將勝出。
Throughout our history, we've often faced moments like this because we are a big, diverse, free-thinking, and freedom-loving nation.
從古到今,我們常面臨類似今天的情境,因為美國是一個幅員遼闊、多元、思想自由且熱愛自由的國家。
In moments like this, there are always those who rush in to score political points. But this isn't a moment for politics. It's a moment for clarity. So, let me be clear. Peaceful protest in America — violent protest is not protected; peaceful protest is.
在像今天這樣的時刻,總是有一些人急著想要在政治上得分。但這並非是一個搞政治的時刻,而是一個明辨是非的時刻。所以在這裡我明確地說和平的抗議行為在美國是被保護的,但暴力的抗議是不被允許的。
It's against the law when violence occurs. Destroying property is not a peaceful protest. It's against the law. Vandalism, trespassing, breaking windows, shutting down campuses, forcing the cancellation of classes and graduations — none of this is a peaceful protest.
任何暴力都是違法的。毀壞他人的財產並非和平的抗爭,是不合乎法律規範的。破壞公物、擅自侵入他人土地或建築物、打破玻璃、癱瘓校園、讓課程及畢業典禮被迫取消都不是和平的抗議方式。
Threatening people, intimidating people, instilling fear in people is not peaceful protest. It's against the law.
更不用說威脅他人、恐嚇他人,意圖使他人感到恐懼,這些行為都稱不上是和平的抗議。全部都是違法的行為。
Dissent is essential to democracy. But dissent must never lead to disorder or to denying the rights of others so students can finish the semester and their college education.
有不同的意見對民主來說是很重要的。但表達不同的意見不應該造成社會失序或剝奪他人完成學業的權利。
Look, it's basically a matter of fairness. It's a matter of what's right. There's the right to protest but not the right to cause chaos. People have the right to get an education, the right to get a degree, the right to walk across the campus safely without fear of being attacked.
從我的角度來看,基本上這是一個公平性的問題。是一個是非的問題。人們有權抗議但沒有權利造成混亂。人們有權接受教育,有權取得學位,有權安全的出入校園而不用懼怕會被攻擊。
But let's be clear about this as well. There should be no place on any campus, no place in America for antisemitism or threats of violence against Jewish students. There is no place for hate speech or violence of any kind, whether it's antisemitism, Islamophobia, or discrimination against Arab Americans or Palestinian Americans. It's simply wrong.
讓我再次重申,美國的校園及社會容不下反猶太主義,也不能接受任何對猶太裔學生的暴力及威脅。對任何仇恨言論也完全零容忍,不論是反猶太主義、伊斯蘭恐懼症、或是對阿拉伯裔或是巴勒斯坦裔美國人的歧視都一樣。這都是錯的。
There is no place for racism in America. Its all wrong. It's un-American. I understand people have strong feelings and deep convictions. In America, we respect the right and protect the right for them to express that. But it doesn't mean anything goes. It needs to be done without violence, without destruction, without hate, and within the law.
美國對種族歧視完全零容忍,種族歧視不符合美國的原則。我理解人們會有強烈的感受及各自堅定的信念。在美國我們都給予尊重,並保護表達的權利。但不代表沒有限制。當人們行使這樣的權利的時候必須要在法律的範圍內,要非暴力、不搞破壞且沒有仇恨。
You know, make no mistake: As President, I will always defend free speech. And I will always be just as strong in standing up for the rule of law. That’s my responsibility to you, the American people, and my obligation to the Constitution. Thank you very much.
我非常肯定的說:做為總統,我會永遠保護言論自由。同時我也會捍衛法治。這是我對美國人民的責任,也是我在憲法上的義務。非常謝謝大家。
Q: Mr. President, have the protests forced you to reconsider any of the policies with regard to the region? .
(影片3:20秒處)記者問: 總統,請問校園抗議有迫使您重新思考對這個區域(以色列及中東)的政策嗎?
THE PRESIDENT: No. Thank you.
拜登直接回答NO,等於打了在校園抗議,訴求反戰學生的耳光,表明了你抗你的議,我繼續做我覺得對的事。而這些年輕的選民原本是拜登總統及民主黨的重要選票來源,但根據CNN近期民調資料來源2,18-34歲的選民有51%說會支持川普,而只有40%表示會支持拜登,拜登整整落後11%。別忘了做這份民調是四月底,當時火還沒像現在這個時間點燒到這麼旺,燒到拜登要親自出來滅火,所以對年輕選票的流失恐將有進一步的負面效果。
傳統上阿拉伯裔較多是民主黨的支持者,而且阿拉伯裔在搖擺州註釋1裡面又是關鍵的少數,如密西根州是美國最多穆斯林人口的州,所以拜登若持續現在的政策,放縱以色列對巴勒斯坦的軍事行動,恐失去這些關鍵的選票。
我們以密西根州2020年總統大選的結果來看,拜登取得2,804,040張(50.6%)選票勝過川普2,649,852張(47.8%),只贏了154,188張選票,差距相當的接近。根據美國全國公共廣播電台NPR 2023年11月報導資料來源3,密西根州有超過20萬的穆斯林選民,想必今年的總統大選對拜登不會太友善,很有可能會輸給川普。
而像密西根州這樣的搖擺州共有七個,分別是亞利桑那州(11張選舉人票註釋2)、內華達州(6)、密西根州(15)、威斯康辛州(10)、賓州(19)、北卡羅萊納州(16)、喬治亞州(16),這七個州的選舉人票加總有93張,而拜登在2020年只輸了北卡羅萊納州,其他全六州搖擺州全贏,所以拜登最終贏了川普74張選舉人票(306比232)。
註釋
1. Swing State 搖擺州,共和民主兩黨皆有相當的支持度。
2. Electoral Votes 選舉人票,通常選票數贏的那一方可以全拿該州的選舉人票。
拜登在以色列-巴勒斯坦這個議題陷入了極大的困進,他怎麼做都會流失選票或是失去金主的支持。如果轉向對巴勒斯坦或哈瑪斯友善,會得罪國內猶太裔大老金主並面臨共和黨的強烈攻擊,但若維持現在的政策走向,又會流失年輕人、學生及搖擺州少數族裔的選票,加上黨內有許多議員是猶太裔或是阿拉伯裔,無疑讓整個情勢更加棘手,讓拜登的低迷選情更加雪上加霜。
資料來源:
1.“Remarks by President Biden on Recent Events on College Campuses” The White House, May 2, 2024, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2024/05/02/remarks-by-president-biden-on-recent-events-on-college-campuses/. Press release.
2.Julian Zelizer, “Opinion: Biden has a serious problem with young voters,” CNN, May 3, 2024, https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/03/opinions/biden-campus-protests-losing-young-voters-zelizer.
3.Jeongyoon Han and Don Gonyea, “In Michigan, where every vote counts, Arab Americans are turning away from Biden,” National Public Radio, November 17, 2023, https://www.npr.org/2023/11/17/1213668804/arab-americans-michigan-voters-biden-israel-hamas-palestinians.