了解細胞是如何傳遞訊號後就要來正式介紹跟過敏息息相關的JAK-STAT細胞訊號途徑。JAK的全名是Janus kinase,是一種酪胺酸激酶(tyrosine kinase)。細胞內有許多蛋白是藉由接收磷酸而產生活性,而酪胺酸激酶就是激活酪胺酸的酵素,這種酵素可以將ATP的磷酸轉移到特定蛋白的酪胺酸成分,使得這個蛋白產生生理活性。STAT則是signal transducer and activator of transcription的縮寫,翻成中文就是信號轉導及轉錄激活蛋白。細胞膜上的受器與與配體結合後會誘發JAK將細胞質內的STAT蛋白磷酸化,被磷酸化的STAT會進入細胞核活化特定基因產生相對應的蛋白質。目前已知的JAK有四種(JAK1、JAK2、JAK3、TYK2),STAT則是有7種(STAT1、STAT2、STAT3、STAT4、STAT5A、STAT5B、STAT6),藉由不同種類的細胞膜受器與JAK-STAT細胞訊號傳導途徑可引導細胞發揮正常的生理功能,而許多疾病的產生則是跟異常活化的JAK-STAT傳遞有關,狗的異位性皮膚炎就是其中一個例子。
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