FinTech代表其客戶進行 SEPA 付款與收款的四種主要模式的說明。每種模式都會說明可以使用該模式的機構(例如銀行、支付機構、電子貨幣機構)、它們如何連接至 SEPA(直接或間接),以及其關鍵考量(牌照、贊助銀行等)。截至 2023 年 2 月,在歐洲 5,029 個 SEPA 參與者中,只有 150 家信用機構(銀行)屬於直接 SEPA 參與者。
SEPA 接入類型
關鍵要點
備註: PI, payment institution;EMI:Electronic Money Institution;BaaS:Banking-as-a-Service;CSM stands for Clearing and Settlement Mechanism.In the context of SEPA and payment systems:
關鍵要點
備註
CSM stands for Clearing and Settlement Mechanism.In the context of SEPA and payment systems:
Clearing refers to the process of transmitting, reconciling, and confirming payment instructions between financial institutions before the actual settlement of funds.
Settlement is the actual transfer of funds between financial institutions, usually involving a central bank or other clearinghouse.
Examples of CSMs in SEPA include EBA Clearing (operating systems like STEP2) and RT1.
In the U.S., equivalent systems would be FedACH, Fedwire, or The Clearing House (TCH) networks. These systems ensure that payments between different institutions are processed securely and efficiently.