希臘：戰爭賠償永無止息

希臘：戰爭賠償永無止息

【Comment】

The result will be war, if the clauses of the treaty of peace could be stipulated to indefinite legal concepts or practices, against the background of the global financial crisis and the provocation of nationalism.
Greeks know the claim may sabotage the relations with EU and the related aids.  If so, Greeks, 80% of which agree to the said secret report, act like Kim Jung-un with his revolutionary diplomacy.    Revised at 1320

和約若可以變成一個不確定性法律概念或實踐，在財政狀況與民族主義的推波助瀾下，結果就會是戰爭。

看起來，此事一如金正恩的手法，僅僅文武場的不同而已。

歐債掀舊恨？希臘擬向德索二戰賠款6.25兆◎自由（2013.04.26）http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2013/new/apr/26/today-int4.htm

德呼籲希臘政府不應誤導民意

〔駐歐洲特派記者胡蕙寧、國際新聞中心／綜合報導〕希臘與歐盟龍頭德國之間的糾葛越演越烈！一反過去總是屈居下風的劣勢，希臘這回終於找到「證據」反咬德國—二次大戰期間佔領希臘的戰爭賠償。儘管官方並未提出索討賠償的確切金額，但據希臘媒體報導，求償金額可能高達一千六百二十億歐元（約六兆兩千五百億台幣），相當於希臘國內生產毛額（ＧＤＰ）的八成。德國則表示，此事並無討論空間，呼籲希臘政府不應誤導民意。

戰爭賠款 爭議60年

希臘外交部長阿弗拉莫普洛斯（Dimitris Avramopoulos）廿四日在國會證實，希臘正考慮向德國索討二戰賠款，財政部已完成一份報告，彙整數十年來的相關文件，將徵詢法律方面的意見後再決定如何正式提出。由於希臘紓困貸款最大部分是由德國支付，此舉將考驗雅典與柏林的關係。

阿弗拉莫普洛斯並未說明希臘求償的金額，也未說明希臘要根據何種理由爭取，僅表示德軍佔領期間，希臘的自然和文化財產受到極大破壞，但此舉與希臘目前的財政困境並無關係，因為戰爭賠款問題已激盪六十年之久。

希臘向德國爭取二戰賠償並非新聞，陷入經濟危機後，希臘被迫採取嚴厲緊縮措施，以換取德國提供紓困，再次引爆希臘的賠償索求，各黨派紛紛重提戰爭賠款，並獲得民眾普遍支持，但成功機率看來微乎其微。

希臘財政部專案小組秘密統計

希臘財政部為消弭爭議，成立專案小組，將審計部裡所有相關資料調閱重整，據稱共整理出七百六十一份卷宗。三月初，專案小組完成調閱統計，將結果上報財政部和外交部。這份讓外界極為好奇的統計結果，本月七日被德國「明鏡線上」（Spiegel Online）披露長達八十頁的內容，但其內容被列為「嚴格機密」。

希臘媒體披露，財政部報告並未列出具體求償金額，但其羅列內容包括德國在一九四一年到戰爭結束佔領希臘期間造成一千零八十億歐元的基礎建設損失，以及四二年希臘銀行向德國帝國銀行提供的五百四十億歐元無息貸款等，但並未列出具體求償金額。不過，希臘二戰受害者協會提出的數據是一千六百億歐元，希臘右翼民粹主義組織「獨立希臘」提出的金額則是一千六百二十億歐元，且不含利息。

一九六○年德希賠償協定 德已賠1.15億馬克

該報告也證實，一九六○年德國與希臘簽署賠償協定後，向該國的納粹受害者家屬支付一‧一五億馬克的賠償金。在德國看來，其他所有賠償由此一筆勾銷，即便沒有勾銷，隨著時間推移，索賠要求也已逾期失效。但希臘認為，按照一九五二年的倫敦債務協議，二戰期間的債務可延伸到「簽署和平條約之後」。

Secret Athens Report: Berlin Owes Greece Billions in WWII Reparations◎Der Spiegel（2013.04.08）
http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/greek-commission-concludes-germany-owes-billions-in-war-reparations-a-893084.html

A top-secret report compiled at the behest of the Finance Ministry in Athens has come to the conclusion that Germany owes Greece billions in World War II reparations.  The total could be enough to solve the country's debt problems, but the Greek government is wary of picking a fight with its paymaster.

The headline on Sunday's issue of the Greek newspaper To Vima made it clear what is at stake: "What Germany Owes Us," it read.  The article below outlined possible reparations payments Athens might demand from Germany resulting from World War II.  A panel of experts, commissioned by the Greek Finance Ministry, spent months working on the report -- an 80-page file classified as "top secret."

Now, though, the first details of the report have been leaked to the public.  According to To Vima, the commission arrived at a clear conclusion: "Greece never received any compensation, either for the loans it was forced to provide to Germany or for the damages it suffered during the war."

The research is based on 761 volumes of archival material, including documents, agreements, court decisions and legal texts.   Panagiotis Karakousis , who heads the group of experts, told To Vima that the researchers examined 190,000 pages of documents, which had been scattered across public archives, often stored in sacks thrown in the basements of public buildings.

The newspaper offered no concrete figure regarding the possible extent of reparation demands outlined in the report.  But earlier calculations from Greek organizations have set the total owed by Germany at €108 billion for reconstruction of the country's destroyed infrastructure and a further €54 billion resulting from forced loans paid by Greece to Nazi Germany between 1942 and 1944.  The loans were issued by the Bank of Greece and were used to pay for supplies and wages for the German occupation force.

Bad Time to 'Pick a Fight'

The total sum of €162 billion is the equivalent of almost 80 percent of Greece's current annual gross domestic product. Were Germany to pay the full amount, it would go a long way toward solving the debt problems faced by Athens.  Berlin, however, has shown no willingness to revisit the question of reparations to Greece.

Athens too is wary of moving ahead with the demands.  The government sees the report as being particularly sensitive due to the fear that it could damage their relations with Europe's most important supplier of euro-crisis aid.

The Greek public, however, has a different view.  To Vima reflected the feelings of many by arguing that "the historical responsibility now falls on the three-party coalition government.  It should publish all the findings and determine its position on this sensitive issue, which has detonated like a bomb at a time we are under extreme pressure from our lenders."

But political analysts believe that the Greek government is disinclined to raise the issue with Germany.  The official government position, most recently expressed by deputy finance minister Christos Staikouras , is that Greece considers the issue open and "reserves the right … to bring it to a satisfactory conclusion."

The report is no longer in the hands of Finance Ministry officials.  It was delivered in early March to Foreign Minister Dimitris Avramopoulous and Prime Minister Antonis Samaras.  "It will be a top level, political decision regarding how to use it, and Mr. Samaras will be the one to decide," a senior government official told SPIEGEL ONLINE.  "This is no time to pick a fight with Berlin."