2408 動作就是動作 → 現在分詞
之前有談到子句 ≒ 這個, 那個, 而現在分詞 ≒ 動作就是動作
一:動作就是動作 → 分詞模式
例如之前有舉過紐約時報文章關於旅遊的例句:
1. She found herself admiring the native blind prickly pear cactuses jutting out along the rocky roadside.
她發現自己驚嘆起沿著崎嶇道路突出的本地盲刺梨仙人掌
2. They veered off the not-so-clearly-marked road and found themselves driving their rental car in a dry gravel riverbed.
他們偏離了不太明顯標記的道路,發現自己駕駛著租來的汽車行駛在一條乾燥的碎石河床上。
3. We received some anecdotes describing instances in which someone took something from an archaeological or historical site or inherited such an artifact from a family member.
我們收到了一些軼事,描述了有人從考古或歷史遺址中拿走了一些物品,或者是從家族成員那裡繼承了這樣的文物。
4. We often hear of tourist misbehavior, some egregious and some innocent, drawing public outrage.
我們經常聽說遊客行為不檢,有些是非常惡劣的,有些則是無心之過,引起了公眾的憤怒。
以上例子中的特別標示來看, 中文意思都是回歸到本質 → 動作就是動作, 中文母語者用的非常流暢自然, 而轉為英文時, 就是動詞變成動詞ing, 用一個文言文說法:關係子句變成現在分詞, 也真的只能無言以對 → 講不出來. 所以在了解基本原理時, 還是可以回歸到本質去表達.
二:這個/些, 那個/些, 他/他們自己 → 子句模式
上述的動作就是動作模式, 可改為較文言文的這個, 寫法如下:
1. She found herself admiring the native blind prickly pear cactuses jutting out along the rocky roadside.
這個/些, 那個/些:She found herself admiring → that she was admiring the native blind prickly pear cactuses jutting → which jutted out along the rocky roadside
她發現了她自己驚嘆起本地盲刺梨仙人掌, 而這些仙人掌沿著崎嶇道路突出.
2. They veered off the not-so-clearly-marked road and found themselves driving their rental car in a dry gravel riverbed.
他們偏離了不太明顯標記的道路,發現自己駕駛著租來的汽車行駛在一條乾燥的碎石河床上。
這個/些, 那個/些:They veered off the not-so-clearly-marked road and found themselves driving → that they were driving their rental car in a dry gravel riverbed.
他們偏離了不太明顯標記的道路,發現了他們自己駕駛著租來的汽車行駛在一條乾燥的碎石河床上。
3. We received some anecdotes describing instances in which someone took something from an archaeological or historical site or inherited such an artifact from a family member.
我們收到了一些軼事,描述了有人從考古或歷史遺址中拿走了一些物品,或者是從家族成員那裡繼承了這樣的文物。
這個/些, 那個/些:We received some anecdotes describing → that described instances in which someone took something from an archaeological or historical site or inherited such an artifact from a family member.
我們收到了一些軼事,而這些軼事描述了有人從考古或歷史遺址中拿走了一些物品,或者是從家族成員那裡繼承了這樣的文物。
4. We often hear of tourist misbehavior, some egregious and some innocent, drawing public outrage.
我們經常聽說遊客行為不檢,有些是非常惡劣的,有些則是無心之過,引起了公眾的憤怒。
We often hear of tourist misbehavior, some egregious and some innocent, drawing → that draws public outrage.
這個/些, 那個/些:我們經常聽說遊客行為不檢,有些是非常惡劣的,有些則是無心之過,而這些不檢形為引起了公眾的憤怒。
子句模式就變成了中文裏的”而”這個/那個, 這些/那些, 他(們)自己, 這些較為強調的表達.