討論統測英文科考試,談到「寫作題」,大概不少考生優先選擇放棄;因為投資報酬率不高,而寧願花時間檢查前面的選擇題,忽略「真正鑑別出統測成績高低的項目其實正是佔24分的寫作測驗。」
寫作題是真正能測量學生英語輸出(output)的能力:包含字彙量、文法、句構的掌握;邏輯能力、思維能力、科目知識以外的素養。能靠所限的英文能力,做到用母語能做到的事項,這是寫作題要測驗學生的重點。
筆者以為,112年四技二專外語群英語類的寫作題目很適合拿來練筆。跟學測英文經典的「四格漫畫」相比(比如113年的出題),四技二專外語群測驗的題目更有深度、更難,但更實用。曾有一屆學測也出過書信題【應該是九年一貫前、民國八十幾年的學測】,但難度遠不及112年這屆,更不用提實用度。書信能力,不僅放在學術場合,放在業界,是重要的技能;尤其,能用英文寫文書更是難能可貴。
筆者雖然無法幫助讀者記憶龐大字彙,也沒辦法靈魂出竅,出現在考場代筆、提示文辭或文法糾錯,在考前練習這方面還是能幫上一些忙。
寫作基本上還是講究原則的掌握;而掌握基礎越是紮實,越穩妥地拿高分。換句話說,不用靠花俏的文筆,或丟一些看似很厲害但拼寫作錯誤會很丟臉的冗長單字,光靠文章結構就足以拿好看的分數。
首先,請看寫作題目的說明:
說明:請依提示在「答案卷」上寫一封約 120字(日期、收信人、寄信人不計入字數)的英文 信函。 提示:
(1) Peter 是一位定居在臺灣某城市多年的外國人,他發現這個城市沒有自行車專用道 (bicycle lane),因而產生不少交通問題。
(2) 請你以 Peter 的身分寫一封信給市長,建議設置自行車專用道。
(3) 請舉出至少三個理由陳述建置自行車專用道的必要性以說服市長。
(4) 信的上下款應依下列格式寫出,並將寫信的日期 (April 29th, 2023) 、收信人 (Mayor)、寄信人(Peter)謄寫至答案卷上。[1]
筆者已照上述指示,自己寫一份範例僅供參考:
April 29th, 2023
Dear Mayor,
(1). I am Peter, a foreigner who have been living in this city for several years. (2). I am writing this mail/email to inform you that it is a shame that this city lacks a proper bicycle lane for the cyclists. (3). Its impact is manifest in terms that there are quite a few visible traffic issues happening every day on the streets. (3-1). For example, it is extremely dangerous for a cyclist to ride in the same lane as cars and scooters moving by. Please try to imagine the risk a cyclist has to take in this kind of situation. (3-2). Moreover, separating bicycles from motor vehicles helps to reduce traffic congestion, especially during rush hours. Car drivers and scooter riders do not need to hold their brakes from time to time, watching out for a cyclist who can come out of nowhere anytime, if they know that bicyclists ride on a different lane. The traffic, I believe, will be much smoother if the separation of bicycles and motor vehicles is implemented properly. (3-3). Last but not least, a proper bicycle lane network can serve as a cultural landmark for this city. It shows our emphasis on a balanced lifestyle in the urban area: this city embraces those who choose to cycle to work, who aim to achieve a healthier lifestyle by regularly exercising. (Summary) Given these three reasons, for bicycle safety, traffic efficiency, and cultural significance, (4). I would like to propose the necessity of a bike lane network. And I am assured that you, with your authority, have the power to make it happen, to make the city a more pleasant place to live.
Sincerely,
Peter
以上長文可以拆成幾個部位:
(1). 自我介紹:說明來歷,以及跟收信者之間的關聯 (relevance)
(2). 書寫目的:簡述「發現的問題」跟「要求收信者做什麼」(purpose)
(3). 論理:鋪陳這麼做的理據 (argumentation)
高中階段的寫作強調三個步驟:「主要理由」、「支持理由」、「收束理由」;或更簡單的條列三個道理,而三件事要跟主要理由相關。
(3-1). 主要理由:「安全」(Bicycle safety)
(3-2). 支持理由:「行車效率」(traffic efficiency)
(3-3). 收束理由:「文化意義」(cultural significance)
(Summary) 【可寫可不寫】:重述上述三點
(4). 結尾呼應(2)
因為是書信格式,最好「期待對方可以這麼做」,而非命令式的「叫你這麼做就這麼做。」
【書信結構】收、寄信條目都是題目付的。
【詳細分析請看下一篇】
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[1]. 112學年度四技二專統測題庫【外語群英語類】
https://exam2.tcte.edu.tw/EXAM/112_4y/