泌尿道感染
你的上班生活是不是節奏緊湊且工時長,讓你沒空喝水和上廁所?殊不知如果每天飲水量不足2000c.c又常常憋尿的話,身體無法排除毒素和細菌,很有可能引起泌尿道感染(Urinary tract infection,UTI)!
根據外國文獻統計,50-60%的成年女性終其一生至少會得過一次泌尿道感染,尤其14-42歲女性風險最高1,如此驚人的罹患率相當值得女性朋友們注意。
泌尿道感染是什麼?要怎麼預防才能防止變成慢性疾病?傳說中吃蔓越莓真的有效嗎?
一起來看看底下的整理吧!
為什麼會泌尿道感染?
人體的泌尿系統由上至下包含:腎臟、輸尿管、膀胱、和尿道,平時由自身的免疫系統守護,負責排除毒素和代謝廢物。但當免疫力不足時被細菌入侵,就產生感染的情況。
通常會先由尿道開始發炎,細菌大量繁殖後順著路徑往上依序感染其他器官,造成膀胱炎、腎盂腎炎等併發症。常見的侵襲菌種有大腸桿菌(Escherichia coli)、克雷伯氏肺炎桿菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)和白色念珠菌 (Candida albicans)2。泌尿道系統感染後出現排尿時疼痛、血尿、頻尿、殘尿感重以及灼熱感,嚴重時合併發燒、冷顫、下背部疼痛甚至敗血症,是一個普遍情節輕微但置之不理就會危及生命的疾病。女性有20%-50%的機率會發展成慢性泌尿道感染,這些病患每人每年平均有2.6次的感染,而且多數都在30至60天內發生3。
誰容易感染?
治療用藥?
藥物治療多半在門診以口服抗生素治療即可,抗生素種類及治療天數依據感染位置及嚴重程度而定。若單純下泌尿道感染只需3-7天,進展成腎盂腎炎則需花費7-10天,嚴重時甚至需要住院治療。
如何預防?
若得到泌尿道感染後不改善日常生活習慣,有可能經常復發,使病患不堪其擾。懂得如何利用日常保健來預防泌尿道感染反覆發作,也是保護自己的小撇步喔!
文獻資料:
1.Medina M, Castillo-Pino E. An introduction to the epidemiology and burden of urinary tract infections. Ther Adv Urol. 2019 May 2;11:1756287219832172. doi: 10.1177/1756287219832172. PMID: 31105774; PMCID: PMC6502976.
2.Flores-Mireles AL, Walker JN, Caparon M, Hultgren SJ. Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2015 May;13(5):269-84. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro3432. Epub 2015 Apr 8. PMID: 25853778; PMCID: PMC4457377.
3.http://www.uptodate.com. Recurrent urinary tract infection in women.
4.Chenoweth CE, Saint S. Urinary tract infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2011; 25: 103-15.
5. Lo E, Nicolle LE, Coffin SE, et al. Strategies to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 update. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014; 35: 464-79.
6.Fluoroquinolone抗藥性台灣社區現況與國際因應對策.DOI: 10.6526/ICJ.2016.104
7.Hooton TM, Vecchio M, Iroz A, et al. Effect of Increased Daily Water Intake in Premenopausal Women With Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178(11):1509–1515. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.4204
8.Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) as a prophylaxis for urinary tract infections in women: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Author links open overlay panelJessica Valente, Barbara A. Pendry, Eva Galante
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100602
9.Lenger SM, Bradley MS, Thomas DA, Bertolet MH, Lowder JL, Sutcliffe S. D-mannose vs other agents for recurrent urinary tract infection prevention in adult women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Aug;223(2):265.e1-265.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.05.048. Epub 2020 Jun 1. PMID: 32497610; PMCID: PMC7395894.
10.Wagenlehner F, Lorenz H, Ewald O, Gerke P. Why d-Mannose May Be as Efficient as Antibiotics in the Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Lower Urinary Tract Infections-Preliminary Considerations and Conclusions from a Non-Interventional Study. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Feb 25;11(3):314. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11030314. PMID: 35326777; PMCID: PMC8944421.