在英文中,意志動詞(verbs of volition) 表示建議、要求、命令或規定的語氣時,其後常接名詞子句,而在正式語法中,該子句中的動詞通常會省略 should 並直接使用原形動詞(稱為虛擬語氣)。
請舉例說明 <意志動詞用法> 建議/要求/命令/規定 後面省略should+原V
以下是詳細說明與範例:
常見的意志動詞
這些動詞後接名詞子句,並省略 should:
- 建議(suggest, propose, recommend, advise)
- 要求(ask, demand, insist, request, require)
- 命令(command, order, direct)
- 規定(stipulate, decree)
用法結構
主句(意志動詞) + that + 主詞 + 原形動詞
例:
- She suggested that he leave early. (她建議他提早離開。) → should 被省略,動詞直接用原形。
- The manager demanded that the report be completed by Friday. (經理要求報告在星期五前完成。) → should 被省略,動詞用原形 be。
範例分類
建議類
- I recommend that she take the exam again. (我建議她再考一次。) → 原形動詞 take,省略 should。
- He proposed that the meeting be postponed. (他提議會議延期。) → 原形動詞 be。
要求類
- They insisted that the issue be resolved immediately. (他們堅持此問題應立即解決。) → 原形動詞 be。
- The teacher asked that all students hand in their homework. (老師要求所有學生交作業。) → 原形動詞 hand in。
命令類
- The officer ordered that the troops retreat. (軍官命令部隊撤退。) → 原形動詞 retreat。
- The doctor commanded that he stay in bed. (醫生命令他待在床上。) → 原形動詞 stay。
規定類
- The law stipulates that citizens pay taxes. (法律規定公民必須繳稅。) → 原形動詞 pay。
- The contract requires that all parties agree to the terms. (合約要求所有方都同意條款。) → 原形動詞 agree。
注意事項
- 形式上的區別 英式英文有時會保留 should,但美式英文更常省略 should。 例:英式:The manager demanded that he should leave. 美式:The manager demanded that he leave.
- 動詞變化不受主詞影響 在這種用法中,動詞保持原形,即使主詞是第三人稱單數也不加 -s。 正確:The teacher insists that she finish the task. 錯誤:The teacher insists that she finishes the task.
練習題
- The lawyer suggested that the client __________ (accept) the settlement offer. 答案:accept(建議,省略 should)
- The company requires that all employees __________ (wear) uniforms. 答案:wear(規定,省略 should)
- He insists that his son __________ (go) to the best school. 答案:go(堅持,省略 should)
希望這些例子有助於您掌握意志動詞後的用法!