近日美國西岸正遭受「炸彈氣旋，驟強暴風雪」（bomb cyclone）侵襲，你跟上這波國際新聞了嗎？從1月30日Scientific American《科學人》雜誌最新報導中，我為正在準備IELTS（雅思）、TOEFL（托福）、TOEIC（多益）或學測的你，提煉出 28 個必考「氣象主題」詞彙。
從wallop、cyclone、bomb cyclone、bout、blizzard、temperature、intensely、scour、plummet、tip、Arctic、incursion、strengthen、off the coast、potentially、meteorologist、bombogenesis、pressure、millibar、liken、detonation、explode、coverage、continental、collide、moist、atmospheric、latitude，帶你深入學習28 個最道地的「氣象主題」時事英文！
圖片及英文原文出處https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-bomb-cyclone-and-extreme-cold-will-freeze-the-eastern-u-s-again/
The latest winter wallop: a bomb cyclone and Florida freezes
（最新的冬季重擊：炸彈氣旋與佛羅里達寒凍）
In the latest bout of winter weather, a bomb cyclone could bring blizzard conditions to the Carolinas while freezing temperatures reach all the way to Florida
（在最新一波冬季天氣中，炸彈氣旋可能為卡羅萊納州帶來暴風雪，而冰凍的低溫則一路延伸至佛羅里達。）
作者：By Tom Metcalfe edited by Andrea Thompson
Intensely cold air is scouring the central and eastern U.S. again and will send temperatures plummeting all the way to the tip of Florida. Along with this new Arctic incursion, a major “bomb cyclone” storm is strengthening off the coast of the Carolinas, potentially bringing rare blizzard conditions to the region.
（強烈的寒冷氣團再次席捲美國中部與東部，並將使氣溫一路驟降至佛羅里達半島的最南端。隨著這股新的北極冷空氣入侵，一場主要的「炸彈氣旋」正於卡羅萊納州外海迅速增強，可能為該地區帶來罕見的暴風雪天氣。）
Bomb cyclones have had that name since 1980, when meteorologists Fred Sanders and John Gyakum, both then at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, coined the term “bombogenesis” to describe how these storms rapidly lower in pressure—by at least 24 millibars in 24 hours. The scientists likened the process to the detonation of a bomb, although bomb cyclones are, in a sense, exploding inward.
（「炸彈氣旋」這個名稱自1980年開始使用，當時麻省理工學院的氣象學家弗雷德·桑德斯（Fred Sanders）與約翰·加庫姆（John Gyakum）創造了「驟強暴風雪」（bombogenesis）一詞，用來描述這類風暴在24小時內氣壓急降至少24毫巴的過程。科學家將這種現象比喻為炸彈的引爆，雖然炸彈氣旋在某種意義上是向內爆炸）
Their dramatic name ensures “bomb cyclones” always get a lot of media coverage, but they really aren’t all that rare. At least one bomb cyclone hits the continental U.S. every winter, usually near the Northeast, where they are typically fed by cold air from the north colliding with warm, moist air from the south. “It’s not uncommon to get bomb cyclones off the coast of New York or Boston,” says atmospheric scientist Ryan Torn of the University at Albany, State University of New York. "But this one is right off the southeast coast of the U.S., which is a very low latitude place for that to happen.”
（這個戲劇化的名稱確保了「炸彈氣旋」總能獲得大量媒體報導，但事實上它並不算罕見。每年冬季至少有一場炸彈氣旋襲擊美國本土，通常發生在東北部，因為那裡常有來自北方的冷空氣與來自南方的溫暖潮濕空氣相互碰撞。紐約州立大學奧爾巴尼分校的大氣科學家萊恩·托恩（Ryan Torn）表示：「在紐約或波士頓外海出現炸彈氣旋並不罕見。但這一次卻發生在美國東南沿海，這是一個非常低緯度的地方，極為少見。」）
圖片及英文原文出處https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-bomb-cyclone-and-extreme-cold-will-freeze-the-eastern-u-s-again/
