於是,我找到了一篇在International Journal of Molecular Sciences上的review。原來,除了人參、咖啡之外,還有好多東西,像是迷迭香、茶樹、蒜!(對!就是蒜頭),研究者也想看看他們對於毛髮的生長是不是有幫助(阿!好像離題了,我們先看看這人參和咖啡吧!)
先看看人參的部分,節錄paper中的一段原文來看:
Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. has been revealed to promote HG(hair growth).Korean red ginseng (KRG), in combination with topical MXD(Minoxidil), is more effective than MXD for the promotion of HG in human clinical studies. Ginsenoside is able to increase the hair shaft length and hair existent time, which is similar to the action of MXD in in vivo experimental models (topical treatment in nude mice), moreover, it stimulates hair shaft elongation in ex vivo cultures of vibrissa HF and suppresses TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of ERK in HeLa cells [61]. It also promotes the proliferation of human dermal follicle papilla cells and keratinocytes and enhances hair anagen induction or acceleration of HG in mouse [61] (See Table 1). In chemotherapy-induced alopecia, KRG protects against premature catagen development through modulation of p53 and Bax/Bcl2 expression. Finally, ginseng exerts mitogenic and antiapoptotic effects in outer root sheath keratinocytes
在研究中,提到人參的主要成分有saponins(Ginsenoside), polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds。Ginsenoside可以被分類成兩種,oleanane type (five ring structure) and dammarane type (four ring structure),這些研究主要就是針對這些主成分進行探討。
在一篇2007的研究,咖啡因能夠促進毛麟片的延長、延長毛髮生長期。有趣的是,研究中也提到女性毛囊對於咖啡因的敏感度比起男性相對更高。《Effect of caffeine and testosterone on the proliferation of human hair follicles in vitro》February 2007, International Journal of Dermatology 46(1):27-35
在一篇2018年的研究中(針對女性雄性禿患者,探討使用含有咖啡因洗髮精的效果),顯示含有咖啡因的洗髮精在使用6個月後,能顯著減少落髮。 Bussoletti C., Tolaini M.V., Celleno L. Efficacy of a cosmetic phyto-caffeine shampoo in female androgenetic alopecia. G. Ital. Dermatol. Venereol. 2018 doi: 10.23736/s0392-0488.18.05499-8.
Völker J.M. · Koch N. · Becker M. · Klenk A. Caffeine and Its Pharmacological Benefits in the Management of Androgenetic Alopecia: A Review. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2020;33:153–169
Eleonora Bassino,1,* Franco Gasparri,2 and Luca Munaron1. Protective Role of Nutritional Plants Containing Flavonoids in Hair Follicle Disruption: A Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jan; 21(2): 523.
Bussoletti C., Tolaini M.V., Celleno L. Efficacy of a cosmetic phyto-caffeine shampoo in female androgenetic alopecia. G. Ital. Dermatol. Venereol. 2018 doi: 10.23736/s0392-0488.18.05499-8.