更新於 2024/02/18閱讀時間約 8 分鐘

《用reverse gear輕鬆學the reverse、irreversible、reversion、revert》

 

當你在倒車時,是否注意到倒車檔的英文縮寫R?

R是reverse縮寫字母,reverse是形容詞也是動詞。

 

reverse [rɪˋvɝs]

adj.①倒車的;②反面的;相反的

字源:re回,反+vers轉,旋,翻+e

口訣:「反轉的」→adj.反面的

搭配①:the reverse gear 「倒車」檔

搭配②:have the reverse effect  有「反」效果

搭配③:the reverse side of the coin 該錢幣的「反」面

 

reverse [rɪˋvɝs]

v.①逆轉(勝);②倒(車);③改變(趨勢,決定);④【律】推翻,撤銷(法院判決)

字源:re回,反+vers轉,旋,翻+e

口訣:「反轉」→v.逆轉(勝)

搭配①:reverse the sedan into the garage 「將」四門房車「倒進」車庫

搭配②:reverse the curse 「扭轉」魔咒;「反」敗「為」勝

搭配③:reverse the previous judgment 「推翻」先前的判決

搭配④:reverse the downward trend 「扭轉」下滑的趨勢

搭配⑤:reverse the public opinion 「徹底改變」民意

 

和reverse類似的生字revert是動詞,

英文證照考生可以用以下助記片語

幫助自己釐清兩個動詞不同的用法

 

revert [rɪˋvɝt]

v. 恢復;(使)回復原狀;(使)恢復原來的做法

字源:re回,反+vert轉,旋,翻

口訣:「翻轉回去」→v.(使)回復原狀

搭配①:revert to harmful  habits 「恢復」不良的習慣們

搭配②:revert to her maiden name 「恢復」她娘家的姓氏

搭配③:revert to type 「反璞」歸真;「恢復」原性;「回復」原狀

 

reverse及revert是TOEIC(多益)金色證照(860-990分)考生必備的英文素養

並且reverse及revert也是IELTS(雅思)英文證照考試閱讀測驗高頻率的字彙。

考題(IELTS15,T2,R2) ‘The idea of de-extinction is that we can reverse this process, bringing species that no longer exist back to life,’ says Beth Shapiro of University of California Santa Cruz’s Genomics Institute. (加州Santa Cruz大學基因組學研究所的Beth Shapiro表示:「去滅絕的想法就是我們可以逆轉這個過程,讓已經不存在的物種重返生命。」)

考題②:(IELTS18,T3,R2) Those buyers who received the handful of completed cars complained that the vehicles were sluggish and erratic, sometimes going in reverse when they should go forward. (那些收到少數輛完成汽車的買家抱怨說,這些車輛行駛緩慢且不穩定,有時在應該向前行駛時會倒車。)

考題③:(IELTS15,T4,R3) When the government regulation is effective, and when the public is environmentally aware, environmentally clean big businesses may out-compete dirty ones, but the reverse is likely to be true if government regulation is ineffective and if the public doesn’t care. (當政府監管有效時,且大眾有環保意識時,環境乾淨的大企業可能會超越骯髒的企業,但如果政府監管無效且大眾不在乎,相反的情況可能成立。)

考題④:(IELTS17,T1,R2) But rather than reverting to an arena, it became a market square, designed by Romanticist architect Lorenzo Nottolini.(但是,它沒有恢復成競技場,而是成為了一個市集廣場,由浪漫主義建築師Lorenzo Nottolini設計。)

考題⑤:(IELTS16,T3,R3) ‘Just as mercury rises in a thermometer, the rate at which phytochromes revert to their inactive state during the night is a direct measure of temperature,’ says Wigge. (Wigge表示:「就像水銀在溫度計中上升一樣,夜間植物光敏素回復到它們的非活性狀態的速率,直接反映溫度的計量單位。」)

考題⑥:(IELTS5,T2,R1) Others are thermosetting: like eggs, they cannot revert to their original viscous state, and their shape is thus fixed forever. (其他是熱固性的:就像雞蛋一樣,它們無法恢復成原來的黏稠狀態,因此它們的形狀將永遠保持固定。)

 

並且IELTS(雅思)英文證照考生如欲達到理想成績者

應進一步學習irreversible及reversion的用法

 

irreversible [͵ɪrɪˋvɝsəb!]

adj.不可逆轉的;不能改變的;不能取消的;不能倒置的

字源:ir+revers(e)逆轉,改變+ible能…的

口訣:「不可逆轉的」→adj.不能改變的

考題:(IELTS10,T4,R3) In 1890 he proposed that evolution was irreversible: that ‘an organism is unable to return, even partially, to a previous stage already realised in the ranks of its ancestors’. (在1890年,他提出演化是不可逆轉的觀點:即“一個生物無法返回,甚至是部分地返回,到其祖先階層中已經實現的先前階段”。)

 

616 reversion [rɪˋvɝʃən]

n.倒退,退回;回復,回歸,恢復;歸還

字源:revers(e)逆轉+ion行為、結果

口訣:「回轉的行為(結果)」→n.倒退;回復,回歸

考題:(IELTS16,T3,R3) Instead of a rapid deactivation following sundown, the molecules gradually change from their active to inactive state. This is called ‘dark reversion’. (分子不是在太陽下山後迅速停止活動,而是逐漸從活動狀態轉變為非活動狀態。這被稱為「黑暗回復」。)




 

總結:深入分辨reverse及revert兩個動詞的不同處,不但有助於TOEIC考生突破藍色證照門檻(730-855分),晉升到多益英文金色證照(860-990分)最高境界,也可以幫助IELTS「讀懂」閱測測驗中和這兩個生字有關的文章內容。

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