每日英語 #031: Architects
Architects 建築師
Overview 總覽
People need places to live, work, play, learn, and “worship” (pray or practice one’s religion). Architects are responsible for designing these places, whether they are for private or “public” (government or community) use, “indoors” (inside) or “outdoors” (outside). Architects may also help clients win “construction bids” (competitions to get jobs related to building), select “contractors” (professionals paid to do a specific task or job), and “negotiate” (help two or more sides come to an agreement) construction contracts.
人們需要居住、工作、娛樂、學習和“崇拜”（祈禱或進行宗教活動）的場所。建築師負責設計這些場所，無論它們是私人還是“公共的”（政府或社區使用），“室內”（內部）還是“室外”（外部）。建築師還可能幫助客戶贏得“建設投標”（競爭以獲得與建築相關的工作）、選擇“承包商”（受雇完成特定任務或工作的專業人員），並“協商”（幫助雙方或多方達成協議）建設合同。
Architects discuss with clients the “objectives” (goals), requirements, and “budget” (maximum amount of money to spend) of a project. In some cases, architects provide various design services before something is built, such as “feasibility” (ability to be completed) and “environmental impact” (affects on the natural environment caused by a proposed project) studies, “site selection” (picking a place to build), and cost analyses (detailed considerations about how much something will cost to complete). For example, architects may determine a building’s space requirements by researching its number and types of likely users.
建築師與客戶討論項目的“目標”（目標）、需求和“預算”（最大花費金額）。在某些情況下，建築師在建築物建造之前提供各種設計服務，例如“可行性”（可完成的能力）和“環境影響”（擬議項目對自然環境的影響）研究、“場地選擇”（選擇建築場所）和成本分析（對完成項目成本的詳細考慮）。例如，建築師可以通過研究潛在使用者的數量和類型來確定建築物的空間需求。
Architects spend most of their time in offices, where they “consult with” (discuss to get and give one’s professional opinion to) clients, develop reports and drawings, and work with other architects and “engineers” (professionals who design machines and other things). However, they also often visit construction sites to review the progress of projects.
建築師大部分時間在辦公室工作，他們在那裡與客戶“協商”（討論以獲取和提供專業意見），撰寫報告和圖紙，並與其他建築師和“工程師”（設計機械和其他物品的專業人員）合作。然而，他們也經常訪問建築工地以檢查項目的進展。
Education, Training and Certification 教育、培訓和認證
Most architects earn their professional degree through a 5-year Bachelor of Architecture degree program, intended for students with no “previous” (before) architectural training. All state architectural “registration boards” (committee that makes sure people have the qualifications to work in a job) require architecture graduates to complete a training period—usually at least three years—before they can take the licensing exam. Most new graduates complete their training period by working as “interns” (unpaid or paid very little workers while learning) at architectural firms.
大多數建築師通過五年的建築學學士學位課程獲得專業學位，這課程針對無“先前”（以前）建築訓練的學生。所有州的建築“註冊委員會”（確保人們具備從事某一職業資格的委員會）要求建築畢業生完成一個培訓期——通常至少三年——然後才能參加執照考試。大多數新畢業生通過在建築公司擔任“實習生”（在學習期間無薪或低薪的工作人員）來完成他們的培訓期。
All states require architects to be licensed. Licensing requirements include a professional degree in architecture, a period of practical training or internship, and a passing score on all parts of the Architect Registration Examination.
所有州都要求建築師持有執照。執照要求包括建築專業學位、一段實踐培訓或實習期，以及在建築師註冊考試的所有部分中取得合格成績。
重點單字
- worship：崇拜 /ˈwɜːrʃɪp/
- public：公共的 /ˈpʌblɪk/
- indoors：室內的 /ˌɪnˈdɔːrz/
- outdoors：室外的 /ˌaʊtˈdɔːrz/
- construction bids：建設投標 /kənˈstrʌkʃən bɪdz/
- contractors：承包商 /ˈkɑːntræktərz/
- negotiate：協商 /nɪˈɡoʊʃieɪt/
- objectives：目標 /əbˈdʒɛktɪvz/
- budget：預算 /ˈbʌdʒɪt/
- feasibility：可行性 /ˌfiːzəˈbɪləti/
- environmental impact：環境影響 /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntəl ˈɪmpækt/
- site selection：場地選擇 /saɪt səˈlɛkʃən/
- consult with：與...協商 /kənˈsʌlt wɪð/
- engineers：工程師 /ˌɛndʒɪˈnɪrz/
- previous：先前的 /ˈpriːviəs/
- registration boards：註冊委員會 /ˌrɛdʒɪˈstreɪʃən bɔrdz/
- interns：實習生 /ˈɪntɜrnz/
- license：執照 /ˈlaɪsəns/
- practical training：實踐培訓 /ˈpræktɪkəl ˈtreɪnɪŋ/
- Architect Registration Examination：建築師註冊考試 /ˈɑːrkɪˌtɛkt ˌrɛdʒɪˈstreɪʃən ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃən/
