撰文者: P.Y. Jeng 鄭博元醫師
Vital pulp therapy (VPT, 活髓治療) 包含indirect/pulp capping, partial pulpotomy跟full pulpotomy。傳統上,VPT主要應用在reversible pulpitis的牙齒,目的是要保留牙髓活性,讓尚未發育完全的牙根繼續生長。不過近幾年,有許多文獻指出,其實irreversible pulpitis的牙齒進行pulpotomy之後也有很高的成功率。這樣的科學進展逐漸顛覆了許多臨床醫師傳統的觀念。
不過pulpotomy到底要移除多少pulp tissue,還是有許多爭議。有些醫師說要慢慢移除上方的牙髓組織,觀察牙髓出血的狀況、顏色、與質地。也有一些人認為移除2-3mm即可,有些人覺得要拿到orifice。
近期IEJ (2023)就發表了一篇randomized controlled trial,針對成年病人class I caries有ireversible pulpitis的第一大臼齒去做partial (PP) 或full pulpotomy (FP),後續以NaOCl消毒,並補上biodentin,追蹤一年觀察牙髓的活性。
Results:
這篇study原先有71位受試者,不過4位病人因為牙髓發炎太嚴重、無法止血,而exclude掉。另外15位被exclude掉的病人是有partial或complete necrosis的跡象。因此只剩50位病人進行randomization,後續又一位病人lost follow-up,因此只有49位病人進行分析。
一年的追蹤顯示,PP有88% (22/25)的成功率,FP 91.6% (22/24),兩者之前沒有統計上的顯著差異 (p = 0.979, log-rank test)。失敗的5位病人,有2位在治療後半年內出現疼痛的症狀,可能是術前的diagnosis沒有做好、低估了pulp inflammation的程度。2位病人是填補物斷裂。1位病人是發生牙齒裂掉。
Conclusion: 有extreme deep caries的恆牙,即便出現irreversible pulpitis,執行VPT依然有很高的成功率。不過術前、術中還是要謹慎評估牙齒發炎的程度,必要時還是需根管治療的介入。
Vital pulp therapy (VPT) was conventionally used in immature permanent teeth, so as to preserve pulp vitality and allow apexogenesis. Recent researches reveal that VPT is also a feasible option in decayed mature permanent teeth even with s/s of irreversible pulpitis. This RCT done by Jassal et al (2023), which was published in International Endodontic Journal, showed us excellent clinical results 1 year after partial and full pulpotomy. With a careful preoperative and intraoperative assessment, and delicate treatment, the vitality of the pulp could be maintained and root canal treatment could be avoided.
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Reference:
Jassal A, Nawal RR, Yadav S, Talwar S, Yadav S, Duncan HF. Outcome of partial and full pulpotomy in cariously exposed mature molars with symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis: A randomized controlled trial. Int Endod J. 2023 Mar;56(3):331–344. doi: 10.1111/iej.13872. Epub 2022 Dec 4. PMID: 36403208.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36403208/
(DOI: 10.1111/iej.13872)