每日英語 #033: Civil engineers
Civil engineers
Civil engineers “design” (plan; create) and “supervise” (observe and direct) large “construction projects,” including roads, buildings, airports, “tunnels” (passages underground), “bridges” (structures over water), and systems for water supply and “sewage treatment” (the processing of waste from human bodies). Sometimes, they work on “complex” (complicated; with many parts) projects, so they usually “specialize in” (focus on; have special skills in) one of several areas.土木工程師「設計」（計畫；創建）和「監督」（觀察和指導）大型「建設項目」，包括道路、建築、機場、「隧道」（地下通道）、「橋樑」（水上結構）以及供水和「污水處理」（處理人體廢物的過程）系統。有時，他們會處理「複雜」（複雜的；有許多部分的）項目，因此他們通常「專門從事」（專注於；在某些領域具有特殊技能）其中的一個或幾個領域。
Civil engineers generally work indoors in offices. However, they sometimes spend time outdoors at “construction sites” (where building is taking place) so they can watch the progress or solve problems at the site.
土木工程師通常在室內的辦公室工作。然而，有時他們會在「建設工地」（正在建設的地方）外工作，以便觀察進展或在現場解決問題。
Civil engineers need a bachelor’s degree. A degree from an “accredited” (official, having met state or federal requirements) engineering program is generally required to obtain a license.
土木工程師需要擁有學士學位。一般來說，從「認可的」（官方的，符合州或聯邦要求的）工程課程獲得的學位是取得執照所必需的。
Early in the licensing process, a civil engineer also must take and pass the “Fundamentals of Engineering Examination.” After passing this exam and meeting a specific state’s requirements, an engineer then becomes a Civil Engineering Intern or an Engineer-in-Training. Afterward, depending on the state, civil engineers must have a minimum of experience, pass more exams, and “satisfy” (meet) other requirements to qualify as a Civil Engineer Professional.
在取得執照的初期，土木工程師還必須參加並通過「工程基礎考試」。通過這項考試並符合特定州的要求後，工程師便成為土木工程實習生或見習工程師。之後，根據州的不同，土木工程師必須擁有最低限度的經驗，通過更多考試，並「滿足」（符合）其他要求才能成為專業土木工程師。
Civil engineers must be licensed in all states. A license is required to supervise a project and to “oversee” (take responsibility for and give instructions to) other civil engineers and civil engineering “technicians” (workers with special technical skills).
土木工程師在所有州都必須獲得執照。執照是監督項目和「監管」（負責並指導）其他土木工程師和土木工程「技術員」（具有特殊技術技能的工人）的必需條件。
重要單字
- Design /dɪˈzaɪn/ 設計
- Supervise /ˈsuːpərˌvaɪz/ 監督
- Construction projects /kənˈstrʌkʃən ˈprɒdʒɛkts/ 建設項目
- Tunnels /ˈtʌnəlz/ 隧道
- Bridges /brɪdʒɪz/ 橋樑
- Sewage treatment /ˈsuɪdʒ ˈtritmənt/ 污水處理
- Complex /ˈkɒmplɛks/ 複雜的
- Specialize in /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz ɪn/ 專門從事
- Construction sites /kənˈstrʌkʃən saɪts/ 建設工地
- Accredited /əˈkrɛdɪtɪd/ 認可的
- Fundamentals of Engineering Examination /ˌfʌndəˈmɛntəlz əv ˌɛnʤɪˈnɪrɪŋ ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃən/ 工程基礎考試
- Satisfy /ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ/ 滿足
- Oversee /ˌoʊvərˈsi/ 監管
- Technicians /tɛkˈnɪʃənz/ 技術員
