搭建一個 Laravel 開發環境（Linux, Nginx, MySQL and PHP）

事前準備

• 安裝 VirtualBox 虛擬機（在 WIN10 上透過虛擬機安裝 CentOS7）

• 下載 CentOS7 映像檔

• 安裝 Linux 流程可以參考鳥哥私房菜

安裝 Nginx

在 CentOS 中新建 yum 源並安裝 Nginx

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

yum-config-manager --enable nginx-mainline

yum -y install nginx

nginx -v

測試瀏覽器是否能訪問 VirtualBox 的 IP 地址

systemctl stop firewalld

systemctl disable firewalld

測試環境可以這樣做，但是在生產環境下不要關閉

vi /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
# SELINUX=enforcing
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. 
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted 

shutdown -r row

systemctl start nginx

ps -aux | grep nginx

安裝 PHP

使用 remi repository 安裝 PHP

yum -y install https://mirrors.aliyun.com/remi/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm

yum repolist all | grep php

開始安裝 PHP 8 及 PHP 8 擴展

yum-config-manager --enable remi-php81

yum -y install php php-cli php-fpm php-mysqlnd php-gd php-curl php-xml php-json php-zip php-devel php-mbstring php-pear php-bcmath php-redis

php -v

配置 PHP-FPM

vi /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

mkdir -p /run/php-fpm/remi-php81

systemctl start php-fpm
systemctl enable php-fpm

netstat -pl | grep php-fpm.sock

安裝 MySQL

使用 MySQL 官方 yum 源

rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022

yum list | grep mysql-community

yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community

yum list | grep mysql-community

yum -y install mysql-community-server mysql-community-client

systemctl start mysqld
systemctl enable mysqld

配置 MySQL

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

mysql -u root -p #輸入暫存密碼

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Pa$$w@rd0104';

CREATE DATABASE laravel;

安裝其他程式

開始安裝 Composer

php -r "copy('https://getcomposer.org/installer', 'composer-setup.php');"
php composer-setup.php
php -r "unlink('composer-setup.php');"
mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
#運行 composer 命令
composer

安裝 Node.js + NPM + Yarn

#安裝 node.js npm
yum -y install nodejs npm
#安裝 yarn
npm install --global yarn
#查看 yarn 版本
yarn --version

為 Laravel 配置 Nginx

安裝 Laravel

mkdir -p /var/www/laravel
#切換至 /var/www/laravel
cd /var/www/laravel

composer create-project laravel/laravel .

chown -R nginx:root /var/www/laravel
chmod 755 -R /var/www/laravel/storage

配置 Nginx

vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/laravel.conf

server {
　　listen 8080;
　　# Log files for Debugging
　　access_log /var/log/nginx/laravel-access.log;
　　error_log /var/log/nginx/laravel-error.log;
　　# The directory of web root
　　root /var/www/laravel/public;
　　index index.php index.html index.htm;
　　# Your Domain Name
　　server_name laravel.domain.test;
　　location / {
　　　　try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
　　}
　　# PHP-FPM Configuration Nginx
　　location ~ \.php$ {
　　　　try_files $uri =404;
　　　　fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
　　　　fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm/remi-php81/php-fpm.sock; # remi
　　　　fastcgi_index index.php;
　　　　fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
　　　　include fastcgi_params;
　　}
    location ~ /\.ht {
        deny all;
　　}
}

systemctl restart nginx