西元 1966 年,美國生態學家 Robert T. Paine 提出 Keystone 一詞,他找到一種掠奪海馬的海星,該物種調節了海馬的生態平衡。 而在這篇探討腸道微生物的 keystone species,給了更為確切的定義:
microbial keystone taxa are highly connected taxa that individually or in a guild exert a considerable influence on microbiome structure and functioning irrespective of their abundance across space and time. These taxa have a unique and crucial role in microbial communities, and their removal can cause a dramatic shift in microbiome structure and functioning
Tudela, H., Claus, S. P., & Saleh, M. (2021). Next generation microbiome research: identification of keystone species in the metabolic regulation of host-gut microbiota interplay. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 9, 719072.
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