Reference: The Economist
Anti-immigration sentiment has become a defining political force across wealthy nations. In the United States and Europe, nationalists claim that migrants push up housing prices, strain government finances, and erode the cultural foundations of Western societies.
反移民情緒已成為富裕國家一股決定性的政治力量。在美國和歐洲，民族主義者聲稱移民推高了房價，壓迫政府財政，侵蝕了西方社會的文化基礎。Historically, anti-migrant arguments focused on jobs and wages, particularly for low-income natives. But research has consistently shown that immigration has little to no negative effect on native wages. In fact, the group most affected tends to be earlier migrants, not locals.
低收入本地人。但研究一再顯示，移民對本地工資幾乎沒有負面影響。事實上，受影響最大的一群人往往是較早的移民，而非當地人。
More recent concerns center around fiscal costs. A 2016 report by the U.S. National Academies found that an immigrant’s economic contribution depends heavily on their education and skill level. High-skilled migrants contribute positively over their lifetimes, while low-skilled ones may be a short-term drain. However, this overlooks how migrants often improve their earnings over time and fill vital public sector roles.
最近的擔憂主要集中在財政成本上。美國國家科學院在2016年的報告發現，移民的經濟貢獻在很大程度上取決於他們的教育和技能水平。高技能移民在其生命中帶來正面貢獻，而低技能移民可能是短期的負擔。然而，這忽視了移民往往隨著時間改善其收入並填補重要的公共部門角色。
The strongest new argument concerns housing. Migration has coincided with rising house prices, but this is largely due to supply issues, not migration alone. Studies suggest the overall impact of migrants on property prices is relatively small. The real challenge lies in rigid housing markets and lack of construction, rather than the number of newcomers.
最大的新增論點涉及住房。移民與房價上漲同時發生，但這主要是由於供應問題，而不是單純因為移民。研究表明，移民對房地產價格的整體影響相對較小。真正的挑戰在於僵化的住房市場和缺乏建設，而不是新移民的數量。
