US bank shares slide after First Republic rescue

The falls come a day after the collapse of First Republic, which was seized by regulators and sold after worried customers withdrew more than $100bn.
瀑布的出現是在第一共和國倒閉的一天，該公司被監管機構接管並出售，因為擔心的客戶撤回了超過1000億美元。

It was the second biggest bank failure in US history and the third since March.
這是美國歷史上第二大的銀行倒閉事件，也是自三月以來的第三次。

Shareholders were wiped out - and are now eyeing risks at other banks.
股東被抹殺了 - 現在正在關注其他銀行的風險。

California-based PacWest Bancorp, which has been under scrutiny for its lending to firms backed by venture capital, saw shares plunge 28%.
總部位於加利福尼亞州的PacWest Bancorp因其向風險投資支持的公司貸款而受到關注，其股價暴跌28%。

Shares in Western Alliance, headquartered in Arizona, dropped 15%.
翻譯成zh-Hant： 總部位於亞利桑那州的Western Alliance股票下跌了15%。

The turmoil comes as the banking sector is adjusting to a sharp rise in interest rates.
銀行業正調整因利率急劇上升而帶來的動盪。

The US central bank has raised its benchmark rate from near zero last March to more than 4.75%. It is expected to announce another 0.25% increase this week.
美國中央銀行自去年三月起，將其基準利率從接近零提高至超過4.75％。預計本週將宣布再次上調0.25％。

The moves are impacting the US economy, which could hurt banks as businesses and households start to struggle to make debt payments.
這些舉措正在影響美國經濟，可能會對銀行造成傷害，因為企業和家庭開始努力償還債務。

Many analysts are worried about risks to banks lurking in the commercial property sector, which has been hit by a fall in demand for office space due to the expansion of remote work.
許多分析師擔心商業房地產行業中潛藏的銀行風險，由於遠程工作的擴展導致辦公空間需求下降，這一行業受到了打擊。

The rise in interest rates has put some banks in a bind, as higher rates hurt the market value of some debts issued when borrowing costs were lower.
利率上升使一些銀行陷入困境，因為較高的利率損害了一些債務的市場價值，這些債務是在借款成本較低時發行的。

The fears intensified in March, when panic sparked by the sudden collapse of Silicon Valley Bank - then the US's 16th largest lender - prompted global sell-offs of bank shares and led many US bank customers to shift their money to firms seen as safer.
當矽谷銀行（當時美國第16大銀行）突然倒閉引發恐慌，導致全球銀行股大幅抛售，許多美國銀行客戶轉移資金到被認為更安全的公司時，恐懼在三月份加劇。

Bigger banks proved to be the winners, while regional firms came under pressure.
大型銀行證明了自己是贏家，而區域性公司則面臨壓力。

The fears claimed Signature Bank and ultimately First Republic, which could not survive the loss of funds.
恐懼聲稱Signature Bank，最終First Republic也無法承受資金損失。

PacWest reported last month that its deposits shrunk 16% from the end of December to the end of March, while Western Alliance shares fell 11%.
PacWest上個月報告稱，其存款從去年12月底到3月底縮水了16％，而Western Alliance的股票下跌了11％。

Both banks said they had seen deposits start to increase again more recently as the fears subsided.
兩家銀行表示，隨著恐懼減退，他們最近看到存款再次開始增加。

Jamie Dimon, chief executive of JP Morgan Chase, which bought First Republic from the government, said on Monday that he thought the fall of First Republic marked the end to "this part" of the crisis.
JP摩根大通的執行長Jamie Dimon在週一表示，該公司從政府手中購買了第一共和國，他認為第一共和國的崩潰標誌著“這部分”危機的結束。

"This part of the crisis is over," he said. "Down the road, there are rates going way up, real estate, recession - that's a whole different issue, but for now, everyone should just take a deep breath."
他說：“這場危機的這一部分已經結束了。未來，房地產價格、經濟衰退等問題可能會出現，但現在每個人都應該深呼吸。”

Analysts have said the US banking system - which has more than 4,000 banks - could be poised for a wave of consolidation as the economy weakens.
分析師表示，隨著經濟疲軟，擁有超過4,000家銀行的美國銀行系統可能面臨一波合併潮。

They have compared the situation to the 1980s, when hundreds of lenders closed after being caught off guard by a sharp rise in interest rates and bad commercial property loans.
他們將這種情況與1980年代進行了比較，當時數百家貸款人在利率急劇上升和商業房地產貸款不良時被措手不及地關閉。

"It's primarily been an interest rate problem but if we slide into a recession, it could be a double whammy," said banking consultant Bert Ely.
銀行顧問貝特·伊利表示：“這主要是一個利率問題，但如果我們陷入經濟衰退，這可能是一個雙重打擊。”

"I think maybe heads are screwed on a little bit better than they were in the 80s but there's still lots of uncertainty that's out there."
我認為現在的人們可能比80年代更加明智，但仍然存在許多不確定性。

https://www.bbc.com/news/business-65461930

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