【Comment】
Ma’s regime do cares the foreign exchange reserve, post deposit, sovereign wealth fund etc. Now Ma is trying to increase the limit of the allowable public debt. We know a famous journalist wrote an the article 財團守護神馬英九 ●黃創夏(2010.05.31) which accuses Ma adopted pro-consortium policies ever since his taking office. We, as a tax payer, have every reason to question him and his clans about the corruption. His whole families are almost citizen of other countries. What he sees future of Taiwan is definitely different from us people on Taiwan . Got to stop him NOW.
Please remember the Dydings-MaDuffie Act of 1934.
Section 2 (6) “The public debt of the Philippine Islands and its subordinate branches shall not exceed limits now or hereafter fixed by the Congress of the United States; and no loans shall be contracted in foreign countries without the approval of the President of the United States.”
Section 7 (2): “(2) The President of the United States shall have authority to suspend the taking effect of or the operation of any law, contract, or executive order of the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands, which in his judgment will result in a failure of the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands to fulfill its contracts, or to meet its bonded indebtedness and interest thereon or to provide for its sinking funds, or which seems likely to impair the reserves for the protection of the currency of the Philippine Islands, or which in his judgment will violate international obligations of the United States. ”
Section 7 (4): “(4) The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, a United States High Commissioner to the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands who shall hold office at the pleasure of the President and until his successor is appointed and qualified. He shall be known as the United States High Commissioner to the Philippine Islands . He shall be the representative of the President of the United States in the Philippine Islands and shall be recognized as such by the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands, by the commanding officers of the military forces of the United States, and by all civil officials of the United States in the Philippine Islands. He shall have access to all records of the government or any subdivision thereof, and shall be furnished by the Chief Executive of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands with such information as he shall request. ”
馬政權上台後,非常注意外匯存底、郵政儲金、國安(主權)基金等,現在還要大幅提高公債上限。0602聽謝長廷在廣播內容,馬上台僅僅2年已舉債9000億,公債上限放寬之後,他又多出3兆可用。遇到金融海嘯,台灣的公共工程界耆反而表達:即將遇上50年以來前所未有的超大景氣。
看起來,$才是馬施政的核心。
借錢要還,錢只能從子孫而來,而台灣的媽媽卻一點不緊張,還跟在他身邊雀躍。
參酌日前財團守護神馬英九 ●黃創夏(2010.05.31)一文,八八風災重建進度又緩慢。我們有理由質疑,高舉清廉,反貪腐恐是一種障眼法。加上,其家庭成員幾乎全是其他國家的公民。他與他們看台灣的未來,絕對和我們people on Taiwan不一樣。
請回憶〈菲律賓獨立法案〉
第二節第六款:「(6) 菲律賓群島以及其附屬機構之公共債務,不得超過目前,或此後美國國會所劃定之規模。同時,若無美國總統核准,不得與外國簽訂貸款契約。」,以及
第七節第二款:「(2) 若美國總統判斷菲律賓自治國政府任何法律、契約或行政命令,或其施行將導致菲律賓自治國政府無法履行契約,或其擔保債務與其利息,或無法對償債基金提供擔保,或可能減損保障菲律賓自治國貨幣之儲備金,或將違反美國之國際義務,則美國總統有權擱置之。」
第七節第二款:「若菲律賓自治國政府無法支付應支付之債券或其他償債基金或其利息,或無法履行任何契約, 美國高級專員應將事實報告總統,俾其指示高級專員接管關稅局並管理之,而將此收入用於支付逾期償債基金或履行前述契約。美國高級專員應每年或於總統要求 時,向總統與國會呈報官方報告。此人應隨時因總統就本條規定盡前述之額外義務與職權。」
公債上限不可輕言破壞 ●聯合社論(2010.06.02)
馬政府正籌議推動修改「公共債務法」,要把各級政府的舉債上限予以放寬或調整。此案將在本周進行朝野協商,實已到了關鍵時刻。整體而言,修法後各級政府的負債總額占GDP的比率,將由48%上升至51%,突破現行公債法的上限。
我們在此要鄭重呼籲政府:懸崖勒馬。若因財主單位觀念不清而貿然推動修法,這恐是台灣災難的開始。茲從幾個方向來嚴肅討論這個議題。
所謂政府公債,就是政府向人民借錢。政府現在透支借債,將來一定要還本付息,而屆時還本付息所需要的款項,至少有部分要向未來子孫去借。因此,自古典學者李嘉圖以降,每本經濟學教科書均指出:政府舉債其實就是「當代人向後世子孫借錢」。
既然公債是個當代人與未來子孫之間的借貸契約,照理說,舉債額度、舉債上限這一類的政策,都該由當代與未來公民共同討論決定。但由於許多未來子孫目前尚未出生,故若單純由當代人以國會多數決定未來子孫的負擔,顯然是一種跨代之間的不公平。如果當代人不充分顧及子孫福祉而濫行發債,則等於是把自己的幸福建立 在子孫的痛苦上,這不但在哲學意義上不公不義,在心態上更是自私自利。
就跨代意義而言,公債問題其實是個永續發展議題。例如,近年來全世界各先進國家紛紛將環境保育列為憲法層次的權利,因為當代人往往以種種經濟發展的理由去排放廢氣、砍伐森林、破壞生態平衡,傷及未來子孫的福祉;所以要對環境保育給予最優先的保障,其部分原因是因為永續發展事涉目前不具發言權的未來子孫,容不得現代國民恣意胡為;如果不以憲法層次的高門檻予以保障,子孫輩的環境權就會被侵害殆盡。儘管當代人會以「經建也對未來子孫有利」以為遁詞,去合理化自己對環境的破壞;但諸多經驗顯示,多數人永遠是關心自己遠甚於關心子孫,對環境侵犯的事例也是罄竹難書。故若不將環境權的位階拉高,永續發展絕對做不到、未來子孫的福祉也絕難保障。跨代環保理念如此,在概念上,修公債法上限亦當有憲法層次的莊嚴性,即使是國會的簡單多數,也不可恣意施為。
更何況,即使從現實面來看,台灣也沒有變動公債法上限的道理。政府每年若稅收不及政府支出,就會有預算赤字,而公債法所列負債餘額,約略而言就是歷年所累積的赤字總和。例如,若每年有一千億的流量赤字,10年就會有一兆元的存量負債餘額。公債法所規範的公債上限是針對負債存量,但負債累積的真正緣由,卻是稅收不及支出、是流量上出了問題。
以家庭收支做比喻,若家裡每個月的收入不及支出,月月要靠借錢來勻支,則這個家庭的累積負債就會不斷增加。公債法上限所規定的,只是累積負債的一個臨界點,超越它就會受到懲罰。如果政府只想修改公債法上限,以使自己被懲罰的臨界點不斷調高,其唯一的後果,就是掩蓋了「入不敷出」的真相,讓問題不斷惡化。
一個國家若無戰爭或如金融海嘯般的偶發性災難,就應該要在每年稅收與支出之間取得平衡。如果每年稅收不及支出,則無論如何負債餘額就一直在累積,即使公債上限提高,只是將名義上的「破表」時間延後,並沒有真正解決問題。對於稅收與支出不平的問題,終究要從改革稅制或縮減支出著手,將流量的缺口止住,才能真正解決問題。如果政府始終不敢碰當代稅制,卻只敢欺負未來子孫,這樣做對嗎?五年十年之後,現任的總統與院長都下台了,問題都留給繼任者,災難都由未來子孫承擔。這是負責任的政府該有的作為嗎?
http://udn.com/NEWS/OPINION/OPI1/5638225.shtml