台灣離岸風電的裝置容量已領先許多亞洲國家，近期韓國與日本多家廠商來台取經。茲整理離岸風電運輸與安裝(T&I)規劃重點，供各位參考。最後，還附上台灣經驗供大家參考。首先，是離岸風電全壽期的時程:
Scope of T&I in Offshore Wind Projects
T&I Planning Workflow
A. Preliminary Phase
•Site Assessment: Metocean, bathymetry, seabed conditions•Feasibility Study: Conceptual logistics, access windows, weather constraints
•Interface Planning: Coordination with design, fabrication, and commissioning teams
B. Logistics & Marine Strategy
•Vessel Selection: WTIVs, HLVs, AHTS, CTVs, barges, cable-lay vessels, etc.
•Port and Base Planning: Staging ports, pre-assembly, load-out sequences
•Transit Routes: Risk assessment for marine routes and landfall access
C. Detailed Planning
•Installation Sequences:
•Foundations first → cables → offshore substations → turbines
•Weather Windows: Planning suitable periods for lifts and seabed work
•Lift Plans & Marine Procedures: For each component
•Simulations: Time-motion studies, risk scenarios
D. Project Execution Plan
•Schedules: Gantt charts, critical path analysis
•Contingency Plans: For delays due to weather, equipment, or interfaces
•Permits & Certifications: Navigation, environmental, work permits
Key Considerations in OWF T&I
Category Key Elements
Weather Risk Wave height, wind speed, current, sea state
Vessel Limitations Deck space, crane capacity, jacking capability, DP classification
Port Infrastructure Quay strength, RoRo access, craneage, storage
Seabed Conditions Soil type, boulders, cable burial depth
HSE & Regulation Safety protocols, marine warranty surveyor (MWS) requirements
Interface Management Fabrication yards, logistics, commissioning team
Deliverables in OWF T&I Planning
Example Vessel Deployment Plan (Simplified)
Phase and Vessel Type
Foundation: HLV/Barge/AHTS
Cable Lay: CLV
Turbine: WTIV
Crew: CTV/CSOV
Towing: AHTS/Tugs
Marine Operations Plan
HSE and Risk Management
Marine Warranty Survey (MWS) Requirements
•Classification of all operations: “warrantable”
•Documents submitted to MWS:
•Load-out procedures
•Transport and sea fastening plans
•Lift and installation method statements
•Vessel certification and weather downtime analysis
Local Compliance & Permits
Contingency & Recovery Plan
•Adverse weather downtime handling
•Equipment or vessel failure scenarios
•Alternate port options
•Standby crew and vessel strategy
Lessons learn from Taiwan
•The Yunlin Offshore Wind “pile slip” incidents refer to three separate accidents during foundation installation in Taiwan’s Yunlin offshore wind farm project, where monopile foundations slipped unexpectedly during piling operations.
•Key Points
•Three incidents
•First (2021) – Occurred during early construction by Sapura Energy’s Sapura 3500.
•Second (2022) – Happened with NPCC’s DLS 4200 before completing foundation installation.
•Third (June 4, 2023) – Confirmed by the developer; immediate investigation launched.
•Causes – Likely due to excessive piling speed, poor seabed conditions, and lack of sufficient offshore installation experience.
•Impact –
•Severe project delays and sharply increased costs (nearly doubled).
•Required multiple financial restructurings to keep the project going.
•Triggered government investigations and calls for greater transparency.
