$$$$$$但自認是多少有點真材實料的喇

看起來超像標題殺人，但自認是多少有點真材實料的喇。想想這一篇發文的時間點好像有點太晚，總之家裡還有春聯紙的就拿出來一起玩吧。

「新年快樂」與「歲月平安」

首先，「新年快樂」——台灣人過年過節的慶賀語動不動就要「快樂」這一點，之於古北歐人是相當滑稽的，現代北歐人亦是；說起來，怎樣的環境造就怎樣的需求，只能說北歐人現在應該是偏頗快樂的。那麼，過新年時他們怎麼祝福彼此呢？

「Gótt nýtt ár」(Old Norse)

「祝好新年」

以維京時代（西元 793–1066 年）使用的盧恩文字「後弗薩克」(Younger Futhark) 改寫後為：

ᚴᚢᛏ᛫ᚾᚢᛏ᛫ᛅᚱ

需要注意的是，雖然這種寫法符合盧恩文字的刻寫習慣，也符合古北歐語的語法；然而，由於沒有相應的文物與文獻能佐證這種做法，所以，這單純是猜想而非還原傳統喲。

「góðr」是「好」、「善」、「讚」的意思，這裡寫成「gótt」是為了修飾後面的「nýtt ár」做了詞性變化；「nýtt」是「nýr」，「新」的意思，為了修是「ár」做了詞性變化；最後「ár」則是複數名詞的「年」。

除此之外，還有另一句更常使用，且至今冰島人也會使用的新年祝賀語：

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan24-5.pdf?fdfr

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan24-4.pdf?vax

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan24-3.pdf?vwe

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan24-2.pdf?jyt

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan24-1.pdf?cwe

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan23-1.pdf?fgt

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan23-2.pdf?vbtr

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan23-3.pdf?gty

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan23-4.pdf?gty

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan23-5.pdf?cvcew

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan22-5.pdf?vrx

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan22-4.pdf?gty

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan22-3.pdf?yxc

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan22-2.pdf?gty

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan22-1.pdf?gty

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan21-1.pdf?

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan21-2.pdf?gty

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan21-3.pdf?gty

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan21-4.pdf?

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan21-5.pdf?gty

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan20-1.pdf?gty

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan20-2.pdf?ghu

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan20-3.pdf?

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan20-4.pdf?gty

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan20-5.pdf?

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan19-1.pdf?gty

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan19-2.pdf?

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan19-3.pdf?gty

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan19-4.pdf?gty

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan19-5.pdf?kbs

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan18-1.pdf?nmk

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan18-2.pdf?

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan18-3.pdf?nmk

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan18-4.pdf?nmk

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan18-5.pdf?nmk

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan17-1.pdf?nmk

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan17-2.pdf?nmk

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan17-3.pdf?nmk

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan17-4.pdf?nmk

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan17-5.pdf?nmk

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan16-1.pdf?nmk

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan16-2.pdf?nmk

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan16-3.pdf?

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan16-4.pdf?

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan16-5.pdf?nmk

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan15-1.pdf?kbs

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan15-2.pdf?

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan15-3.pdf?kbs

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan15-4.pdf?kbs

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan15-5.pdf?kbs

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan14-1.pdf?kbs

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan14-2.pdf?nmk

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan14-3.pdf?

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan14-4.pdf?kbs

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan14-5.pdf?bgu

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan13-1.pdf?yui

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan13-2.pdf?klp

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan13-3.pdf?nmk

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan13-4.pdf?rex

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan13-5.pdf?tyz

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan12-1.pdf?ikix

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan12-2.pdf?dcs

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan12-3.pdf?

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan12-4.pdf?kbs

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan12-5.pdf?iko

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan11-1.pdf?yui

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan11-2.pdf?kbs

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan11-3.pdf?kdw

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan11-4.pdf?qwx

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan11-5.pdf?kgf

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan10-1.pdf?ghf

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan10-2.pdf?kgf

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan10-3.pdf?kgf

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan10-4.pdf?kgf

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan10-5.pdf?kgf

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan09-1.pdf?

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan09-1.pdf?kgf

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan09-1.pdf?kgf

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan09-1.pdf?kgf

https://www.fmarion.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/68/marathan09-1.pdf?

https://pastelink.net/8qly66h4

https://paste2.org/LsDBbbhw

https://bitbin.it/bGbZGdzt/

http://paste.jp/bc3c3b3f/

https://paste.rs/rCt

https://dotnetfiddle.net/B0LfPk

https://dotnetfiddle.net/srcru7

https://rextester.com/JYB42627

https://yamcode.com/nlia2kkikk

https://jsitor.com/57wETuDTu1

https://paiza.io/projects/EEHbiIVzhe668NHdaVUTRw

https://ide.geeksforgeeks.org/c87f181a-d61c-4fc8-b774-b19e8182f063

https://pastebin.com/NLaZCTTR

https://controlc.com/62554769

https://forum.techtudo.globo.com/perguntas/570444/jkhjkrftyfffffffffffffffffffffff

https://www.justgiving.com/crowdfunding/ghfdrt-ghfhwer-hjdttre-khfghrew/

https://www.vingle.net/posts/5239490

「til」和英文的「to」基本上意義一樣，這必須看脈絡決定它如何翻譯成中文；「árs」是「ár」的所有格不定單數（對，少了「s」反而是複數）；「friðar」是名詞「friðr」的所有格不定詞性狀態，意思是「和平」或「愛」，根據前後文脈絡決定指涉對象，這裡我基於華人新年的習慣將之譯為「平安」。

以上是最常見古北歐語風格新年祝賀語，歡迎大家多多利用，拿去迷惑長輩或耍帥都殼蟻，但記得分享本文！

「綁定盧恩」是一種「招財進寶」？

綁定盧恩 (Bindrune) 之前簡略地提過，恰好趁著年節的機會再多說一些。

在賦予盧恩文字各種神祕或玄奧的象徵以前，須知它的可理解性最初仍是來自它是一種書寫系統中的「字母」，ᚠᚢᚦᚨᚱᚲ 與 abcdef 在此層面上差不多。坊間常見的「盧恩符文」特別強調每一個字母獨具「名稱」，從衍伸出其他豐富的意義，不過老實說，每一個字母有自己的名，這件事情在古希臘文也是一樣的。「ᚬ」叫「Óss」，「ᛚ」叫「Lögr」；正如同「α」叫「ἄλφα」(Alpha)，「β」叫「βῆτα」(Beta)——大家不要擔心，這裡沒又要突然開始算數學。

之前提到過，綁定盧恩出現的狀況大致不脫以下幾項：

基本上意思就是學者們目前為止沒有頭緒，畢竟如果知道是在加密什麼，那就已經不是密語或暗號，我們都能知道是什麼意思了。(4) 與 (3) 的情況常常曖昧不清，(4) 充其量只能說是對 (3) 的一種補充說明或猜想。當然，要繼續深挖下去也行，礙於篇幅，這裡就只討論 (1) 和 (2) 這兩種普遍有共識的多數案例。

是說，通訊協定的藍牙符號，設計發想也是一種綁定盧恩，由「ᚼ」加上「ᛒ」，兩個盧恩文字共用中央垂直線；指涉的是古北歐丹麥國王藍牙的哈拉爾 (Haraldr blátǫnn)，「ᚼ」發音「h」、「ᛒ」發音「b」，作為縮寫的一種寫法。要說有什麼綁定盧恩明顯猶如魔法一般，我想縱觀古今大概就這個了吧？

有時字母縮寫用久了甚至可能成為新的字母，比方說「æ」是「a」和「e」，「ø」是「o」和「e」。現代常用的「&」也是拉丁文中代表「和」、「與」意思的「et」的「綁定拉丁文」。

回歸正題。最著名的綁定盧恩縮寫例子是 1937 年在挪威的布拉斯貝爾格農場 (Bratsberg) 發現的銀質胸針，定年西元 490-540 之間，上頭以後弗薩克盧恩文字 (Elder Futhark) 寫著「ᛖᚲᛖᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉ」(ekerilaz)，以原始北歐語 (Proto-Norse)（以古弗薩克書寫的語族之一）來理解，目前也只知道「ᛖᚲ」是「我」的意思；「erilaz」儘管反覆出現在不同的銘文中，卻仍未精準掌握到詞意，目前僅猜想可能是部落名或職階等，而非人名。這份銘文使用許多綁定盧恩：「ᛖᚲ」、「ᛖᚱ」與「ᚨᛉ」都是。