2024-02-11|閱讀時間 ‧ 約 23 分鐘

關節液抽吸(Arthrocentesis)

    Indication

    1. 區分關節炎的種類(infective? crystalline?)
    2. 給予特定治療(關節腔注射),ex. 葡萄糖水、玻尿酸、PRP

    Contraindication

    Absolute:

    • Puncture site cellulitis or other infection

    Relative:

    • Coagulopathy(little harm)
    • Bacteremia?

    Procedure

    1. 先用echo掃描關節腔周圍四個象限+觸診,尋找關節液最多的地方,用棉棒末端定位(定位點再用兩個超音波平面確認入針處液體足夠)
    2. 無菌消毒*3,至少整個關節完成消毒
    3. 戴無菌手套、鋪設無菌洞巾
    4. 準備好抽吸針(18-22gauge),針筒,確認定位後跟病人說明並且垂直入針
    5. 保持負壓進針直到抽到關節液,大約抽到20-40cc即可
    6. 用紗布將入針處蓋起來並加壓5-10分鐘
    7. 告知觀察是否有後續局部紅腫熱痛
      (可局部麻醉不過病人須多挨一針)

    Complication

    1. 感染(Infection)
    2. 出血(Bleeding)
    3. 過敏(Allergy),主要是對關節內注射藥物過敏

    Synovial fluid analysis

      1. 外觀(General appearance):
        1)質地:透明、混濁
        2)顏色:清澈、黃、紅

      usmlepathslides: “ Synovial fluid tubes: From left to right, • normal • noninflammatory (e.g., osteoarthritis) • inflammatory (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) • septic (e.g., gonococcal septic arthritis) • hemorrhage (e.g., trauma, hemophilia A) ”

      1. 關節液常規檢查(Joint fluid routine)
        1) WBC
        #Normal:<200
        #Non inflammatory: 200-2000
        #Inflammatory:2000-50000
        #Septic:>50000
        2) Neutrophil count
        3) Gram stain
        4) Crystal
        #Gout: needle shape and negative birefringent
        #Pseudogout(calcium pyrophosphate deposit): rhomboid and positive birefringent



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