Indication區分關節炎的種類(infective? crystalline?)給予特定治療(關節腔注射),ex. 葡萄糖水、玻尿酸、PRPContraindicationAbsolute:Puncture site cellulitis or other infectionRelative:Coagulopathy(little harm)Bacteremia?Procedure先用echo掃描關節腔周圍四個象限+觸診,尋找關節液最多的地方,用棉棒末端定位(定位點再用兩個超音波平面確認入針處液體足夠)無菌消毒*3,至少整個關節完成消毒戴無菌手套、鋪設無菌洞巾準備好抽吸針(18-22gauge),針筒,確認定位後跟病人說明並且垂直入針保持負壓進針直到抽到關節液,大約抽到20-40cc即可用紗布將入針處蓋起來並加壓5-10分鐘告知觀察是否有後續局部紅腫熱痛(可局部麻醉不過病人須多挨一針)Complication感染(Infection)出血(Bleeding)過敏(Allergy),主要是對關節內注射藥物過敏Synovial fluid analysis外觀(General appearance): 1)質地:透明、混濁2)顏色:清澈、黃、紅usmlepathslides:“ Synovial fluid tubes:From left to right,• normal• noninflammatory (e.g., osteoarthritis)• inflammatory (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)• septic (e.g., gonococcal septic arthritis)• hemorrhage (e.g., trauma, hemophilia A)”關節液常規檢查(Joint fluid routine)1) WBC#Normal:<200#Non inflammatory: 200-2000#Inflammatory:2000-50000#Septic:>500002) Neutrophil count3) Gram stain4) Crystal#Gout: needle shape and negative birefringent#Pseudogout(calcium pyrophosphate deposit): rhomboid and positive birefringentJoint fluid analysis summary