2024-07-23|閱讀時間 ‧ 約 25 分鐘

〔譯詩〕布雷克〈猛虎〉

《天真與世故之歌》中〈猛虎〉一詩,印於1825年前後

《天真與世故之歌》中〈猛虎〉一詩,印於1825年前後

猛虎、猛虎,燃燒燦亮,

在深夜重重林莽;

何等超凡的手或眼,

能造就你可畏的勻稱?


在何等深淵或天邊

燃燒著你眼中的火焰?

憑何等翅翼他膽敢求索?

何等的手,竟敢攫火?


何等的肩,何等手藝,

擰就你心臟的命脈?

當你的心臟開始跳,

何等可怕的手、可怕的腳?


何等的槌?何等鐵鍊,

你的腦,何等的風爐裡煉?

何等鐵砧?何等可怕握力,

敢將致命恐怖抓在手裡?


當星子紛紛丟下標槍,

其淚水濡濕穹蒼:

作品將成,他可浮現笑意?

他造了羔羊,也造了你?


猛虎、猛虎,燃燒燦亮,

在深夜重重林莽;

何等超凡的手或眼,

敢造就你可畏的勻稱?


譯者按:

威廉.布雷克(William Blake, 1757–1827),英國浪漫詩人、版畫家,倫敦人。生前詩名不顯,身後卻與華茲華斯(William Wordsworth, 1770–1850)、柯律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge, 1772–1834)等浪漫主義大師齊名。

〈猛虎〉一詩,收錄於其《天真與世故之歌》(Songs of Innocence and Experience),全詩六節,每節四行,兩行一韻(唯eye、symmetry未協韻,eye-rhyme者也),概為揚抑六步格。敲打一般的重節奏,配合第四節出現的槌、鐵鍊、風爐、鐵砧等工匠作坊的意象,讓讀者彷彿置身造物的現場,見證自然界恐怖的美於焉誕生。有趣的是,這首詩也指向自身。西方傳統素以詩人為創造者(maker)。創造驚悚意象、不朽聲籟的詩人,不也是無視天高地厚,斗膽盜火的人間造物者?

本詩另有楊牧的評介及翻譯,推薦有興趣的讀者參閱氏著《一首詩的完成》(洪範書店出版)。


原文:

The Tyger


Tyger Tyger, burning bright,

In the forests of the night;

What immortal hand or eye,

Could frame thy fearful symmetry?


In what distant deeps or skies

Burnt the fire of thine eyes?

On what wings dare he aspire?

What the hand, dare seize the fire?


And what shoulder, & what art,

Could twist the sinews of thy heart?

And when thy heart began to beat.

What dread hand? & what dread feet?


What the hammer? what the chain,

In what furnace was thy brain?

What the anvil? what dread grasp,

Dare its deadly terrors clasp?


When the stars threw down their spears

And water'd heaven with their tears:

Did he smile his work to see?

Did he who made the Lamb make thee?


Tyger Tyger burning bright,

In the forests of the night:

What immortal hand or eye,

Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?

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