【胖犬導讀】
Shein on you. Shame on you.這是一個雙關語，原意是將Shein買來的衣服穿在身上。
但如果衣服來自新疆的血棉花，你還願意穿嗎？穿著血棉花做成的衣服，是不是一種羞恥？
在觀察此刻的美中關係發展時，零售電商成為一條有趣的主軸線。
在零售電商主軸線之下，目前已知總共有三條次軸線，包括TikTok、Temu及Shein。他們都遭到美國政府盯上，但理由不一。
TikTok：暴力不當內容及資料隱私安全。
Temu：母公司拼多多app已被Google下架，理由是發現惡意程式。
Shein：新疆強迫勞動及智慧財產權。
無論因爲何種理由，美中關係的緊張已經成為中國電商在美發展的不定時炸彈。
TikTok目前在美國只是社群平台，其電商平台在美國的上架計畫剛剛喊卡。
Nikkei Asia這篇報導，必須放在上述脈絡來看。
對於中國電商企業來說，如果赴美發展終究會遇到政治上的天花板，那赴美發展還會是最佳選項嗎？如果不去美國，有沒有可能將資金轉進其他市場？例如東南亞？
我認為，中國科技新創資金轉進例如東南亞等其他市場，在未來的五年或十年，將會越來越明朗，尤其科技新創fintech等企業牽涉資料安全及個資隱私，除非美中之間的緊張關係能夠降低，否則相關隱憂很難化解。
【關鍵字】
- e-retailer 零售電商
- scrutiny 仔細審視
- bipartisan 兩黨的、跨黨派的
- fash-fashion 快時尚
- forced labor 強迫勞動
- manipulation 操縱
- a slew of 許多
- outpace 超越
- incorrigible 屢勸不聽的、無法教化的
- skirt the law 迴避法律
- testimony 作證
- hearing 聽證會
- loophole 漏洞
- infringement 違反
- abet 教唆、慫恿
- elimination 消除
【段落分析】
Shein and other e-retailers have become the latest China-linked companies to face the prospect of restrictions in the U.S., as Congress ramps up scrutiny of their labor rights and intellectual property practices.
Shein及其他零售電商已經成為美國制裁與中國有關的最新公司，美國國會正全面加強審視這些公司的勞動權利及智慧財產權作法。
The bipartisan U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission (USCC) recently released a report on Chinese e-commerce companies, with a particular focus on fast-fashion e-retailer Shein, detailing allegations about forced labor and violation of intellectual property rights.
跨黨派的美中經濟及安全審查委員會（USCC）近來針對中國電商公司發佈一份報告，文中特別提到快時尚零售電商Shein，詳細指控其涉及強迫勞動及違反智慧財產權。
The criticism could intensify tensions between Beijing and Washington, following the U.S. sanctions against Huawei Technologies over security concerns and the push to block social media platform TikTok amid worries about Chinese government manipulation.
這項批評將使美中關係更加惡化，先前美國甫因安全顧慮制裁華為，另外也試圖阻擋TikTok繼續在美國使用，憂心中國政府在背後的操縱。
Shein, which sells low-priced apparel in more than 150 markets, is a favorite of young shoppers, rolling out a slew of new products daily. It has outpaced popular European fast-fashion brands like Zara and H&M in the U.S., according to the report.
Shein在超過一百五十個市場銷售低價服飾，每日推出許多新產品，深受年輕消費者喜愛。它在美國已經超越來自歐洲的快時尚服飾品牌例如Zara及H&M。
But Shein has faced criticism over poor working conditions at suppliers' factories as well as repeated problems with copyright infringement.
但Shein因供應商的惡劣工作環境及多次違反專利權問題，近來飽受批評。
Shein's operating company, now based in Singapore, is eyeing an initial public offering in the U.S. A bipartisan group of American lawmakers has sent a letter to the Securities and Exchange Commission urging it to block the IPO until the company can certify that it is not using forced labor in the Xinjiang region of China.
Shein總部位於新加坡，正計劃在美國上市。跨黨派的美國國會議員已向美國證交所遞交信函以阻止此IPO案，除非該公司能證明並未使用來自新疆的受迫勞工。
The Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act, which took effect in the U.S. last June, essentially bans imports of products made in Xinjiang, home of the Uyghur ethnic group. Shein has said it requires suppliers to buy cotton from approved regions such as Australia, Brazil, India and the U.S. to comply with the legislation.
《維吾爾族強迫勞動預防法》於去年六月生效，該法特別禁止進口來自新疆的產品。Shein對此表示，已要求供應商從核可區域例如澳洲、巴西、印度及美國購買棉花，以遵守該法案。
Other Chinese e-retailers have come under American scrutiny as well.
其他中國零售電商同樣遭到美國嚴格審視。
Temu, an e-commerce platform offering a wide array of products at low prices that launched in the U.S. last fall, was the most-downloaded free app in the country in early February thanks partly to social media marketing.
電商平台Temu於去年秋天在美國啟用，該平台以低價販售多種產品。Temu在社群媒體行銷幫助之下，今年二月已經成為下載次數最多的免費app，
Temu is run by PDD Holdings, operator of China's popular Pinduoduo platform, which has taken market share from giants like Alibaba Group Holdings with a similar low-price strategy. Washington has previously accused Pinduoduo of abetting copyright infringement.
Temu隸屬PDD控股公司，母公司為中國的拼多多集團，拼多多以低價策略自阿里巴巴集團手中搶下部分市占率。美國已經多次指控拼多多教唆專利權違反行為。
Policy analyst Nicholas Kaufman, who authored the USCC report, wrote that Shein and possibly other Chinese fast-fashion companies "appear to be sourcing goods" from Xinjiang illegally. He also alleged that Chinese e-retailers "routinely" violate U.S. intellectual property rights, which is "a particular issue for independent artists who have their designs used without permission."
撰寫USCC報告的政策研究員Nicholas Kaufman指出，Shein及其他中國快時尚公司疑似自新疆非法進口產品。他同時指控中國零售電商定期侵害美國智慧財產權，許多獨立藝術家的設計作品在未經允許的狀況下被盜用。
For companies that "are incorrigible and seek to skirt the law, we will seek enforcement action and bring public scrutiny to bear," said Rep. Chris Smith, a Republican from New Jersey.
來自紐澤西州的共和黨聯邦眾議員Chris Smith表示，對於那些屢勸不聽且試圖規避法律的公司，我們將會尋求執行行動，並促使外界關注。
Testimony at the hearing explained a "loophole" in U.S. law under which the location of origin does not need to be reported for shipments valued at less than $800. That loophole allows some products to enter the country without checking whether they were made in areas that use forced labor.
在聽證會上，外界發現美國法律有一條漏洞，亦即如果進口產品低於八百美元價格，則該批產品的來源產地無需揭露。這項漏洞導致部分產品無需被檢查是否有強迫勞動的地區。
Washington has emphasized worker protections and human rights in its criticism of Chinese multinationals. While visiting a Tokyo store of American outdoor gear chain Patagonia last month, U.S. Trade Representative Katherine Tai said her country seeks to improve labor standards worldwide, and she called for the elimination of forced labor in global supply chains.
美國多次強調保護勞工及人權，並以此批評中國跨國公司。美國貿易代表Katherine Tai於上個月造訪一間位於東京的美國戶外服飾品牌Patagonia店面時表示，美國致力於改善全球勞動標準，呼籲消除全球供應鏈的強迫勞動情形。
If Congress continues its tough talk against Chinese e-retailers, the Biden administration could take more concrete action.
如果美國國會持續針對中國零售電商採取強硬態度，拜登政府將採取更多具體行動。
新聞連結
【圖片來源】
asiamarkets.com
https://www.asiamarkets.com/is-shein-legit-why-the-world-is-questioning-chinas-fashion-giant/
BBC
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50312010
