1955年2月5日英國首相艾登（Sir A. Eden）對台灣地位的意見　　■逸峰功勞＋反正打字＋雲程譯

逸峰兄孜孜不倦，又挖出珍貴文件：1955年英國外相Eden對於Formosa主權問題的答覆，等不及他的英文打字（「反正」大已代為打字完成如下），先抓過來翻譯中文，就在2008.08.08的20：08。以下是逸峰兄之摘要：

 

裡面講得一清二楚，幾乎印證幾個重點：

1.開羅宣言指是戰時的盟軍「意向書」，沒有法律效力

2.占領不移轉主權

3.舊金山和約仍未決定台灣的最終主權。

以下是中文翻譯：

 

台灣的地位：艾登爵士論法律地位　■雲程譯

Status of Formosa: Sir A. Eden on Legal Position

英國外相，在回覆Shinwell先生的信函中，就表達福爾摩沙地位一事，表達：

福爾摩沙與澎湖群島被中國在1895年的〈馬關條約〉中割讓給日本。在1943年11月的「開羅宣言」中，盟國表示有意將「日本偷竊自中國人（Chinese）的領土，如…福爾摩沙與澎湖群島，應歸還中華民國。」此「宣言」為戰後福爾摩沙應歸還中國的「意向書」（statement of intention）。此一歸還，因為存在兩實體宣稱自己代表中國，以及戰勝國之間對於兩實體地位的相左，而在事實上從未實現。

1945年7月的〈波茨坦宣言〉，規定對日和平的條件，即「開羅宣言」必須實現。在1945年9月，在盟軍最高司令部（SCAP）指令下，日本對福爾摩沙的行政權被中國軍隊所接管；但此一指令並非割讓，接管本身也無關主權變更。對蔣介石的安排，使他能以軍事佔領之姿留駐福爾摩沙，並等待未來之進一步的安排，而並非組建為中國的領土。

 

放棄權利

在1952年4月的和約下，日本正式放棄福爾摩沙與澎湖群島的所有權利（rights）、權利根據（titles）與請求權（claims）；但同樣的，這並非移轉給中國主權，無論是給中華人民共和國，或給「中國人的民族主義當局」（Chinese Nationalist authorities）。【譯註：應該翻譯為「國民政府」】。依據女王陛下政府的意見，福爾摩沙與澎湖群島因此是合法上（de jure）主權不明或未定的領土。

由國民政府所掌握且鄰近中國海岸的島嶼【譯註：指的是「金、馬、大陳」等地】，毫無疑問是中華人民共和國的一部份，與福爾摩沙與澎湖群島分屬不同類別。但在目前的情況下，中華人民共和國硬要透過武力管轄此等島嶼之企圖，將危害和平與安全，且為國際所關切的議題。

【譯註：此時（1955.02.08～02.11）正在發生大陳島撤退的事件，稍早則是（1955.01.18～01.20）的一江山失守】

 

STATUS OF FORMOSA
SIR A. EDEN ON LEGAL POSITION

The Foreign Secretary, in a written reply to Mr. Shinwell, on the present legal status of Formosa, said:--
Formosa and the Pescadores were ceded to Japan by China in the Shimonoseki Treaty of 1895. In the Cairo Declaration of November, 1943, the allies stated that it was their purpose "that all the territories which Japan has stolen from the Chinese such as .... Formosa and the Pescadores, shall be restored to the Republic of China ...." This declaration was a statement of intention that Formosa should be retroceded to China after the war. This retrocession has in fact never taken place, because of the difficulties arising from the existence of two entities claiming to represent China, and the differences among the Powers as to the status of these entities.

The Potsdam Declaration of July, 1945, laid down as one of the conditions for the Japanese peace that the terms of the Cairo Declaration should be carried out. In September 1945, the administration of Formosa was taken over from the Japanese by Chinese forces at the direction of the Supreme commander of the Allied Powers: but this was not a cession, nor did it in itself involve and change of sovereignty. The arrangements made with Chiang Kai-shek put him there on a basis of military occupation pending further arrangements, and did not of themselves constitute the territory Chinese.

 

RIGHTS RENOUNCED

 

Under the peace treaty of April, 1952, Japan formally renounced all right, title, and claim to Formosa and the Pescadores; but again this did not operate as a transfer to Chinese sovereignty, whether to the People's Republic of China or to the Chinese Nationalist authorities. Formosa and the Pescadores are therefore, in the view of her Majesty's Government, territory the de jure sovereignty over which is uncertain or undetermined.

The Nationalist-held islands in close proximity to the coast of China are in a different category from Formosa and the Pescadores, since they undoubtedly from the part of the territory of the People's of China, however, to assert its authority over these islands by force would, in the circumstances at present peculiar to the case, give rise to a situation endangering peace and security, which is properly a matter of international concern.

 

Source: The Times, Saturday, Feb 05, 1955; pg. 9