首先,以下的研究都是基於晨星(Morningstar)公司所分類的護城河公司,晨星公司將公司分為三類,分別為wide-moat(寬護城河)、narrow-moat(狹窄護城河)及no-moat(無護城河),以下為數據取自Liu, Y., & Mantecon, T. (2017)及Yu, H. (2022)。
Liu, Y., & Mantecon, T. (2017). Is sustainable competitive advantage an advantage for stock investors?. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 63, 299-314.
Yu, H. (2022). Does sustainable competitive advantage make a difference in stock performance during the Covid-19 pandemic?. Finance Research Letters, 48, 102893.