這些承諾的存在,是為了加強 Scrum Team 和利害關係人的經驗主義和 Scrum Values。(These commitments exist to reinforce empiricism and the Scrum values for the Scrum Team and their stakeholders.)
Sprint Goal 是 Sprint 的單一目標。即便 Sprint Goal 是 Developers 的承諾,但它在實現目標所需的確切工作上,提供了彈性。 Sprint Goal 也創造了一致性和關注點、鼓勵 Scrum Team 一起工作,而非獨立作業。(The Sprint Goal is the single objective for the Sprint. Although the Sprint Goal is a commitment by the Developers, it provides flexibility in terms of the exact work needed to achieve it. The Sprint Goal also creates coherence and focus, encouraging the Scrum Team to work together rather than on separate initiatives.)
Product Goal 描述了渴望的產品未來樣貌,可以作為 Scrum Team 進行規劃時會用於聚焦的目標。Product Goal 存在於 Product Backlog 中。Product Backlog 的其他部分用於定義「什麼東西」會實現 Product Goal。(The Product Goal describes a future state of the product which can serve as a target for the Scrum Team to plan against. The Product Goal is in the Product Backlog. The rest of the Product Backlog emerges to define “what” will fulfill the Product Goal.)
最後的新承諾是 Definition of Done。和 Sprint Goal 一樣,它在 Scrum Guide 上也並不陌生。更準確地說,我們給 Definition of Done 一個家和一個更明確定義的目的。但是,在這種脈絡中,它的意涵有些微的變化。 2020 Scrum Guide 這麼描述:
Definition of Done 是滿足產品所需的品質時的 Increment 的正式描述。Product Backlog item 滿足 Definition of Done 的那一刻,一個 Increment 就誕生了。(The Definition of Done is a formal description of the state of the Increment when it meets the quality measures required for the product. The moment a Product Backlog item meets the Definition of Done, an Increment is born.)
Scrum Master 負責(accountable)按照 Scrum Guide 中的定義建立 Scrum。他們透過幫助每個人了解 Scrum Team 和組織內的 Scrum 理論與實踐來達成這點。(The Scrum Master is accountable for establishing Scrum as defined in the Scrum Guide. They do this by helping everyone understand Scrum theory and practice, both within the Scrum Team and the organization.)
你可以在 Dr. Jeff Sutherland 寫的有關細胞和團隊的文章中,了解有關為什麼進行這些更改的更多資訊,它與新的 Scrum Guide 習習相關。
2020 Scrum Guide 更新:一個 Scrum Team 專注於一項產品
如前面提到的,早期的 Scrum Guide 提到了兩個團隊,「development team」指的是要完成工作的人,而「Scrum Team」則包含 development team 以及 Scrum Master 和 Product Owner。
團隊中「單獨團隊的概念(this concept of a separate team)」,有時會導致「我們和他們」的關係,出現在 Product Owner 和 Development Team 之間。現在只有一個團隊,即 Scrum Team,這團隊專注於相同目標,並且在其中的 Product Owner、Scrum Master 和 Developers 這三種角色,各自都擔負不同系列的責任。
主題一:為什麼這個 Sprint 有價值?
Product Owner 提出產品如何在當前 Sprint 中,增加價值和實用性。接著,整個 Scrum Team 合作定義一個能傳達出「為什麼 Sprint 對利害關係人有價值」的 Sprint Goal。(Topic One: Why is this Sprint valuable?The Product Owner proposes how the product could increase its value and utility in the current Sprint. The whole Scrum Team then collaborates to define a Sprint Goal that communicates why the Sprint is valuable to stakeholders.)
對「為什麼提供 Scrum Team 前後脈絡的原因」的討論,現實上可能缺乏。我們發現了解 Product Owner 目的的 Scrum Team 能交付更好的結果和更高的品質。
Developer 能選擇他們想要的任何結構和技術,只要他們的 Daily Scrum 專注朝向 Sprint Goal 發展,並能為隔天的工作制定可進行的計劃。這創造了關注點,以及改善了自我管理。(The Developers can select whatever structure and techniques they want, as long as their Daily Scrum focuses on progress toward the Sprint Goal and produces an actionable plan for the next day of work. This creates focus and improves self-management.)
在這個 Event 期間,Scrum Team 和利害關係人檢查 Sprint 中完成的內容以及在他們的環境中發生的變化。依照這資訊,參與者協作決定下一步該做什麼。Product Backlog 也可能會因此調整以滿足新的機會。 Sprint Review 是一個工作會議,Scrum Team 應該避免把它局限在展演/演示。(During the event, the Scrum Team and stakeholders review what was accomplished in the Sprint and what has changed in their environment. Based on this information, attendees collaborate on what to do next. The Product Backlog may also be adjusted to meet new opportunities. The Sprint Review is a working session and the Scrum Team should avoid limiting it to a presentation.)
So we’ve removed the overly prescriptive language to encourage the Scrum Master and the whole Scrum Team to be flexible in finding creative ways to solve problems by first find their root cause. Sometimes these solutions are the removal of impediments. Others are potential process improvements identified by the Scrum Team. As the 2020 Scrum Guide states:
因此,我們刪除了過度規範的語言,以便鼓勵 Scrum Master 和整個 Scrum Team 透過先找到問題的根本原因,來有彈性的找到創造性的方法,以便解決問題。有時,這些解決方案是用來消除障礙。其他的則是由 Scrum Team 發現潛在的流程改善。 如同 2020 Scrum Guide 提到的:
盡快地解決最具影響力的改善。它們甚至可能被加入下個 Sprint 的 Sprint Backlog 中。(The most impactful improvements are addressed as soon as possible. They may even be added to the Sprint Backlog for the next Sprint.)