深度學習之技術，讀後心得感想之如何思辨知識錯誤。

如何與錯誤打交道，就是對於自身的錯誤的察覺，又或者是對於所學的知識正確性如何思辨。

大家好，今天我們來談談「第二層思考」。這是一個相當重要的概念，尤其在現代社會中，我們需要面對各種各樣的資訊和知識，但有時候這些資訊和知識並不是那麼正確。所以，我們必須學會用第二層思考去判斷和分析這些資訊和知識。

首先，讓我們來看一個例子。假設有一個民調顯示，在 300 個老人中有 70% 支持 1 號候選人。這個結果會讓很多人認為 1 號的支持率很高，但如果你用第二層思考，你就會發現這只是 300 個老人中的結果，並不能代表整個選民群體。這就是為什麼第二層思考對於我們正確判斷事情非常重要。

那麼，如何使用第二層思考呢？以下是幾種方法：

首先是自省。要學會認錯和發現自己的錯誤才能成長。當我們犯錯時，往往會想找個理由來為自己辯護，但這樣只會讓自己錯誤的想法更加根深蒂固。所以，當你犯錯時，先想想自己哪裡出了問題，該如何改進。但是，也不要過度自責，可以用角色扮演的方式來自我反省，就像是對待一個好朋友一樣。

其次是「我是個聰明人」的方法。這也是一種角色扮演的方法，把自己想像成聰明人去處理事情和理解知識。例如，在打籃球比賽時，你可以想像自己是麥可喬丹，或者在找東西時，想像自己是個偵探。這樣可以提升對知識的正確性。

最後，提防不可否證的知識。例如玄學、星座、算命等等，這些知識無法完全證明對或錯。所以，在面對這些知識時，要保持懷疑的態度，多找資料、了解原理、驗證、查證、反證等等科學方法去思考。

總之，第二層思考對於我們正確判斷事情非常重要。希望大家可以學會用第二層思考去分析和判斷事情，讓自己變得更加聰明和理性。

英文版

Are you tired of making the same mistakes over and over again? Do you want to become a better thinker? Well, my friend, it's time to start using your second layer of thinking.

First of all, let's talk about why we need to deal with errors. It's all about self-awareness and critical thinking. For example, if 70% of 300 elderly people support candidate number 1, it doesn't mean that everyone supports them. It's easy to jump to conclusions, but if we want to avoid mistakes, we need to use our second layer of thinking.

So how do we use our second layer of thinking? Here are a few methods:

1. Self-reflection: The ability to recognize our own mistakes is crucial for personal growth. It's easy to come up with excuses for our errors, but that won't help us improve. Instead, we need to reflect on our actions and figure out how we can do better next time. However, don't be too hard on yourself. Imagine you're giving advice to a friend and be kind to yourself.

2. "I am a smart person" method: This one is all about role-playing. Imagine yourself as a smart person and try to think like them. For example, if you're playing basketball, ask yourself how Michael Jordan would handle the situation. If you're looking for something, imagine yourself as a detective and think about where the item might be. This method helps us improve our critical thinking skills.

3. Beware of unverified knowledge: There are a lot of things out there that can't be proven or disproven, such as astrology or fortune-telling. We're not saying these things are wrong, but we should be skeptical of them. Don't blindly believe everything you hear. Instead, do your research and keep an open mind.

In conclusion, using our second layer of thinking is essential for personal growth and critical thinking. It's easy to make mistakes, but if we take the time to reflect on our actions and think critically, we can avoid them in the future. So go ahead and start using your second layer of thinking today!