每日英語 #030: Why Starving Artists are Starving

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Why Starving Artists are Starving

為什麼餓死的藝術家會餓死

We sometimes describe “artists” – painters, writers, sculptors, and more – as “starving artists.” “To starve” means to be very hungry, so hungry that you are slowly dying. To say “I’m starving,” however, usually just means “I’m very, very hungry.” But we describe artists as starving because they often don’t make very much money, and so don’t have money to buy food.

我們有時會將“藝術家”——畫家、作家、雕塑家等——描述為“餓死的藝術家”。“Starve” 意思是非常餓，餓到你正在慢慢死去。然而，說 “I’m starving” 通常只意味著 “我非常非常餓”。但是我們將藝術家描述為餓死，因為他們通常賺不到很多錢，因此沒有錢買食物。

A 2012 article in the New York Times may help explain why artists don’t have any money, at least the ones that go to college to study art. The newspaper article listed the most expensive and least expensive “public” (owned or supported by the government) and “private” (not owned or supported by the government) universities in the United States for both tuition and room and board. “Tuition” is the price you pay to take classes. “Room and board” includes the money for where you live (room) and what you eat (board). The New York Times’ calculations take the total price you would pay for college and then subtract the average amount of “scholarships and grants” (money given to you that is not a loan) students receive. So, for example, if the total price of going to Podunk University is $60,000, and the average student gets $40,000 in grants, the “net” price is $20,000.

《紐約時報》2012年的一篇文章可能有助於解釋為什麼藝術家沒有錢，至少是那些去大學學習藝術的人。這篇報紙文章列出了美國最昂貴和最便宜的“公立”（由政府擁有或支持的）和“私立”（不由政府擁有或支持的）大學的學費和住宿費。“學費” 是你上課所需支付的費用。“住宿費” 包括你住的地方（房間）和你吃的東西（膳食）的費用。《紐約時報》的計算方式是取你上大學的總價格，然後減去學生平均獲得的“獎學金和助學金”（不是貸款的資金）的數量。例如，如果去波登克大學的總價格是$60,000，而平均學生獲得$40,000的助學金，那麼“淨”價格是$20,000。

Here are the five most expensive private colleges in the United States, along with the “net price” (total cost minus average scholarships and grants) per year:

以下是美國五所最昂貴的私立大學，以及每年的“淨價格”（總費用減去平均獎學金和助學金）：

• School of the Art Institute of Chicago: $41,433 芝加哥藝術學院
• Rhode Island School of Design: $38,872 羅德島設計學院
• The New School (New York): $38,497 新學校（紐約）
• Art Center College of Design (California): $38,256 藝術中心設計學院（加利福尼亞）
• Ringling College of Art and Design: $37,222 林靈藝術與設計學院

You can see what four of the five schools have “in common” (ways they are alike): they’re all universities “dedicated to” (devoted to; which specialize in) art and design. A student who attends one of these art colleges will pay more than nearly any other type of school, including world-famous universities like Harvard or Yale. But the reason isn’t that schools like Harvard and Yale have cheaper tuition. It’s because schools of art and design don’t usually give very many scholarships or grants to students the way other universities do. Students in art schools have to take loans or get the money themselves, meaning of course they may have more “debt” (money one owes to someone else) when they graduate.

你可以看到這五所學校中有四所“共同點”：它們都是“專門致力於”藝術和設計的學校。上這些藝術學院的學生會比幾乎其他任何類型的學校，包括像哈佛或耶魯這樣的世界著名大學，支付更多的費用。但原因並不是哈佛和耶魯這樣的學校學費更便宜。而是因為藝術和設計學校通常不像其他大學那樣給學生提供很多獎學金或助學金。藝術學校的學生不得不貸款或自己籌集資金，這意味著當然他們畢業時可能會有更多的“債務”。

重點單字

1. starving：餓死的 /ˈstɑːrvɪŋ/
2. artists：藝術家 /ˈɑːrtɪsts/
3. tuition：學費 /tuˈɪʃn/
4. room and board：住宿費 /ruːm ænd bɔːrd/
5. scholarships and grants：獎學金和助學金 /ˈskɑːlərˌʃɪps ænd ɡrænts/
6. net price：淨價格 /nɛt praɪs/
7. public：公立的 /ˈpʌblɪk/
8. private：私立的 /ˈpraɪvɪt/
9. debt：債務 /dɛt/
10. in common：共同點 /ɪn ˈkɑːmən/
11. dedicated to：專門致力於 /ˈdɛdɪˌkeɪtɪd tu/
12. financial：財務的 /faɪˈnænʃəl/
13. taxes：稅收 /ˈtæksɪz/
14. figures：數據 /ˈfɪɡjərz/
15. nearly：將近 /ˈnɪrli/
16. tendency：傾向 /ˈtɛndənsi/
17. ulterior motives：隱藏動機 /ʌlˈtɪriər ˈmoʊtɪvz/
18. cash：現金 /kæʃ/
19. short on：短缺 /ʃɔrt ɑn/
20. strapped：拮据 /stræpt/
21. hit up：借錢 /hɪt ʌp/
22. tide over：幫助度過 /taɪd ˈoʊvər/
23. get through：撐過 /ɡɛt θru/