都市智慧升級：台灣混凝土3D列印技術的韌性探討

Smart Urban Upgrades:Exploring the Resilience of Taiwan’s Concrete 3D Printing Technology

都市智慧升級：台灣混凝土3D列印技術的韌性探討

Part one: Original excerpt

第一部分：原文摘錄

Original title: Could 3D-printed housing help address Oklahoma’s affordable housing crisis? A lawmaker thinks so unless we act

原文標題：3D列印房屋能否解決奧克拉荷馬州的住房危機？一位立法者認為可以，除非我們採取行動

By Scout Vickery, Oklahoma Voice.

作者：Scout Vickery，奧克拉荷馬之聲。

The article examines the possibility of using 3D-printed housing to tackle Oklahoma's affordable housing crisis.

這篇文章探討了使用3D列印房屋來解決奧克拉荷馬州住房危機的可能性。

State Representative Mickey Dollens has introduced a bill to promote this emerging technology, arguing that it could drastically cut construction costs and time while meeting the urgent need for affordable homes.

州議員Mickey Dollens提出了一項法案來推廣這項新興技術，他認為這可以大幅降低建築成本與時間，同時滿足對經濟適用房的迫切需求。

The proposal has sparked both hope and skepticism, reflecting the broader debate over the role of innovation in solving social problems.

這項提案引發了希望與質疑，反映了關於創新在解決社會問題中角色的廣泛辯論。

3D-printed homes are constructed using large machines that layer concrete or similar materials to form walls and other structural elements.

3D列印房屋是使用大型機器逐層堆疊混凝土或類似材料來建造牆壁和其他結構元素。

This method is not only faster than traditional building techniques but also reduces labor expenses and material waste.

這種方法不僅比傳統建築技術更快，還能減少勞動成本和材料浪費。

Advocates of the technology claim that a basic 3D-printed home can be built for as little as $10,000, making it a viable option for low-income families and individuals who are priced out of the conventional housing market.

這項技術的支持者聲稱，一棟基本的3D列印房屋可以以低至1萬美元的價格建造，這使其成為被傳統住房市場拒之門外的低收入家庭和個人的可行選擇。

Yet, the technology faces significant challenges. Critics question whether 3D-printed structures can withstand Oklahoma's harsh weather conditions, particularly the tornadoes that frequently ravage the region.

然而，這項技術面臨著重大挑戰。批評者質疑3D列印結構是否能承受奧克拉荷馬州的惡劣天氣條件，尤其是經常肆虐該地區的龍捲風。

There are also concerns about the long-term durability of these homes and whether they can meet existing building codes and standards.

此外，人們也對這些房屋的長期耐用性以及它們是否符合現有的建築規範和標準感到擔憂。

Furthermore, the construction industry, with its entrenched interests and traditional practices, may resist the widespread adoption of such a disruptive technology.

此外，建築業因其根深蒂固的利益和傳統做法，可能會抵制這種顛覆性技術的廣泛採用。

Despite these obstacles, Dollens remains hopeful. He believes that 3D-printed housing could revolutionize the way homes are built, offering a scalable and cost-effective solution to the housing shortage.

儘管存在這些障礙，Dollens仍然充滿希望。他認為，3D列印房屋可以徹底改變房屋建造方式，為住房短缺提供一種可擴展且具成本效益的解決方案。

The article highlights several pilot projects across the country where 3D-printed homes have already been successfully constructed, suggesting that the technology is more than just a theoretical possibility.

文章強調了全國多個試點項目，這些項目已經成功建造了3D列印房屋，表明這項技術不僅僅是一個理論上的可能性。

These examples provide a glimpse of what the future might hold if the technology can overcome its current limitations.

這些例子為我們提供了一瞥，如果這項技術能夠克服當前的限制，未來可能會是什麼樣子。

The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of innovation in addressing complex social issues like the housing crisis.

文章最後強調了創新在解決住房危機等複雜社會問題中的重要性。

While 3D-printed housing is not a panacea, it represents a promising avenue worth exploring. The debate it has ignited underscores the need for creative solutions and a willingness to challenge the status quo.

雖然3D列印房屋並非萬靈藥，但它代表了一個值得探索的有前途的方向。它所引發的辯論凸顯了對創意解決方案的需求以及挑戰現狀的意願。

Whether this technology will ultimately succeed in Oklahoma—or elsewhere—remains uncertain, but the conversation it has started is a crucial step forward.

這項技術最終是否會在奧克拉荷馬州或其他地方取得成功仍不確定，但它所引發的對話是向前邁出的關鍵一步。

Part two: Our Viewpoint

第二部分：我們的觀點

Smart Urban Upgrades:Exploring the Resilience of Taiwan’s Concrete 3D Printing Technology

都市智慧升級：台灣混凝土3D列印技術的韌性探討

As Taiwan straddles the volatile Pacific Ring of Fire, earthquakes are an unavoidable reality. This geological truth underscores the imperative for structural integrity in the nation’s urban architecture.

由於台灣位於環太平洋火山帶上，地震是一個不可避免的現實。這一地質事實突顯了台灣城市建築結構完整性的重要性。

Against this backdrop, concrete 3D printing emerges as a technological innovation with the potential to redefine building practices. However, its suitability for Taiwan’s densely packed metropolitan regions invites scrutiny.

在這樣的背景下，混凝土3D列印作為一種技術創新，具有重新定義建築實踐的潛力。然而，它是否適合台灣人口密集的大都會地區，值得深入探討。

This essay examines the merits and limitations of concrete 3D printing in seismic zones, its potential benefits in urban construction, and its role in medium-to high-rise buildings across Taiwan’s five major metropolitan areas.

本文探討了混凝土3D列印在地震帶的優缺點、其在城市建設中的潛在優勢，以及它在台灣五大都會區中高層建築中的角色。

Strength and Suitability in a Seismic Context

在地震背景下的強度與適用性

Concrete 3D printing offers a streamlined process for fabricating complex forms with remarkable precision.

混凝土3D列印提供了一種精簡的流程，能夠以卓越的精確度製造複雜的形狀。

By layering material incrementally, this method minimizes waste and reduces construction time. Yet, when applied in seismically active regions such as Taiwan, questions arise about the technology’s ability to meet rigorous safety standards.

通過逐層堆疊材料，這種方法最大限度地減少了浪費並縮短了施工時間。然而，當應用於台灣這樣的地震活躍地區時，人們對這項技術能否滿足嚴格的安全標準提出了疑問。

Conventional reinforced concrete benefits from well-established techniques to integrate steel reinforcement, critical for withstanding seismic forces. Current 3D printing processes, however, often struggle to incorporate such reinforcements seamlessly.

傳統的鋼筋混凝土得益於成熟的技術來整合鋼筋，這對於抵抗地震力至關重要。然而，目前的3D列印技術往往難以無縫整合這些加固材料。

This limitation may render 3D-printed structures less robust under the lateral stresses of earthquakes. Another point of contention lies in material composition.

這一限制可能使3D列印結構在地震的橫向應力下變得較不穩固。另一個爭議點在於材料組成。

Traditional concrete mixtures are designed for durability and load-bearing capacity, qualities essential in earthquake-prone regions. While 3D-printed concrete can achieve high compressive strength, its tensile strength remains a concern.

傳統的混凝土混合物是為耐久性和承載能力而設計的，這些特性在地震多發地區至關重要。雖然3D列印混凝土可以達到高抗壓強度，但其抗拉強度仍然是一個問題。

Without appropriate reinforcements, printed structures may be vulnerable to cracking under stress.

如果沒有適當的加固，列印結構在壓力下可能會容易開裂。

Furthermore, the adaptability of 3D printers to accommodate diverse terrains and Taiwan’s often irregular topographies presents logistical hurdles, particularly in urban settings where space is at a premium.

此外，3D列印機適應多樣地形和台灣常見的不規則地形的能力，在空間稀缺的城市環境中提出了物流挑戰。

Advantages in Urban Construction

在城市建設中的優勢

Despite these challenges, concrete 3D printing holds promise for Taiwan’s urban construction.

儘管存在這些挑戰，混凝土3D列印對台灣的城市建設仍具有潛力。

One significant advantage is its capacity for customization.

一個顯著的優勢是其定制能力。

In densely populated cities such as Taipei and Kaohsiung, where land is scarce and architectural ingenuity is paramount, the ability to fabricate bespoke components efficiently can transform the design landscape.

在台北和高雄等人口密集的城市，土地稀缺且建築創意至關重要，能夠高效製造定制組件的能力可以改變設計格局。

Curved facades, intricate lattices, and other complex geometries—often cost-prohibitive with traditional methods—become feasible with 3D printing.

彎曲的外牆、精緻的格柵和其他複雜的幾何形狀——傳統方法往往成本高昂——通過3D列印變得可行。

Architects gain greater freedom to integrate aesthetics with functionality, allowing for designs that respond dynamically to urban constraints. Speed is another compelling factor.

建築師獲得了更大的自由，將美學與功能性結合，從而設計出能夠動態應對城市限制的方案。速度是另一個引人注目的因素。

Conventional construction is often hampered by labor shortages and extended timelines. By automating significant portions of the building process, 3D printing reduces reliance on manual labor and accelerates project completion.

傳統建築常常受到勞動力短缺和時間延長的阻礙。通過自動化建築過程的重要部分，3D列印減少了對人工勞動的依賴並加速了項目完成。

This efficiency is particularly beneficial in Taiwan’s bustling metropolitan areas, where minimizing disruption is a priority.

這種效率在台灣繁忙的大都會區尤其有益，因為最小化干擾是優先考慮的事項。

Moreover, the technology’s potential for on-site fabrication reduces the need for transporting large pre-cast components, thereby lowering logistical costs and environmental impact.

此外，該技術的現場製造潛力減少了運輸大型預製組件的需求，從而降低了物流成本和環境影響。

Sustainability also features prominently in the advantages of 3D printing. The process generates less waste compared to traditional methods, aligning with Taiwan’s broader efforts toward sustainable development.

永續性也是3D列印優勢中的一個突出特點。與傳統方法相比，這一過程產生的廢物更少，符合台灣在永續發展方面的廣泛努力。

Given the nation’s commitment to reducing carbon emissions, the ability to use eco-friendly materials and optimize resource usage makes 3D printing an attractive option for future projects.

鑒於台灣對減少碳排放的承諾，使用環保材料和優化資源利用的能力使3D列印成為未來項目的有吸引力選擇。

Roles in Medium- and High-Rise Buildings

在中高層建築中的角色

While the application of 3D printing in low-rise construction is well-documented, its role in medium-and high-rise buildings, particularly in Taiwan’s metropolitan areas, warrants closer examination.

雖然3D列印在低層建築中的應用已有充分記錄，但其在中高層建築中的角色，尤其是在台灣大都會區，值得更深入的研究。

In high-density urban centers such as New Taipei City and Taichung, vertical expansion is a necessity. Here, 3D printing could excel in producing non-load-bearing elements, such as partition walls, facades, and acoustic barriers.

在新北市和台中等高密度城市中心，垂直擴展是必要的。在這裡，3D列印可以在生產非承重元素方面表現出色，例如隔牆、外牆和隔音屏障。

These components require precision and uniformity but do not bear the structural loads that demand traditional reinforcement methods.

這些組件需要精確性和一致性，但不承擔需要傳統加固方法的結構負荷。

For instance, 3D-printed non-load-bearing walls could significantly improve interior acoustics in residential and commercial buildings.

例如，3D列印的非承重牆可以顯著改善住宅和商業建築的室內聲學效果。

By integrating advanced materials and geometric configurations, these walls can enhance soundproofing without increasing weight.

通過整合先進材料和幾何配置，這些牆壁可以在不增加重量的情況下增強隔音效果。

Similarly, partition walls fabricated through 3D printing can be customized to optimize space utilization, a critical consideration in urban areas where every square meter counts.

同樣，通過3D列印製造的隔牆可以定制以優化空間利用，這在每一平方米都至關重要的城市地區是一個關鍵考慮因素。

However, the use of 3D printing in load-bearing applications for medium-to high-rise buildings remains limited. The challenges of incorporating rebar into printed structures and ensuring consistent quality over large spans are significant technical barriers.

然而，3D列印在中高層建築的承重應用中的使用仍然有限。將鋼筋整合到列印結構中並確保大跨度的一致性質量是重大的技術障礙。

Innovations in hybrid construction—combining 3D printing with traditional methods—could offer a viable path forward.

混合建築的創新——將3D列印與傳統方法結合——可能提供一條可行的前進道路。

For example, 3D printing could be employed to create formwork for complex structural elements, subsequently filled with reinforced concrete to achieve the necessary strength.

例如，3D列印可以用於創建複雜結構元素的模板，隨後填充鋼筋混凝土以達到必要的強度。

Implications for Taiwan’s Five Major Metropolises

對台灣五大都會區的影響

Each of Taiwan’s five major metropolitan areas—Taipei, New Taipei City, Taichung, Tainan, and Kaohsiung—presents unique opportunities and challenges for integrating concrete 3D printing.

台灣的五大都會區——台北、新北、台中、台南和高雄——在整合混凝土3D列印方面各自呈現出獨特的機遇與挑戰。

In Taipei, where space is limited, the technology’s precision and ability to produce compact, customized designs could address the demand for innovative architectural solutions.

在空間有限的台北，這項技術的精確性和生產緊湊、定制設計的能力可以滿足對創新建築解決方案的需求。

In Taichung and Tainan, where urban sprawl coexists with historical preservation efforts, 3D printing’s adaptability could enable modern construction that harmonizes with heritage aesthetics.

在台中與台南，城市擴張與歷史保護並存，3D列印的適應性可以使現代建築與遺產美學和諧共存。

Kaohsiung, a hub of industrial activity, could benefit from the cost efficiencies of 3D printing, particularly in large-scale housing projects.

高雄作為工業活動的中心，可以從3D列印的成本效益中受益，特別是在大規模住房項目中。

Meanwhile, New Taipei City, with its burgeoning residential developments, presents an ideal testing ground for hybrid approaches that combine 3D printing with traditional reinforcement techniques.

與此同時，新北市蓬勃發展的住宅開發為結合3D列印與傳統加固技術的混合方法提供了理想的試驗場。

Conclusion: A Brave New World of Construction

結論：建築的新世界

In conclusion, 3D concrete printing technology holds considerable promise for Taiwan’s urban construction sector, particularly in the context of the island’s seismic challenges and rapid urbanisation.

總之，3D混凝土列印技術對台灣的城市建設部門具有相當大的潛力，特別是在該島的地震挑戰和快速城市化的背景下。

The technology offers numerous advantages, including enhanced structural integrity, reduced construction timelines, and lower environmental impact.

這項技術提供了許多優勢，包括增強結構完整性、縮短施工時間以及降低環境影響。

However, it also presents significant challenges, particularly in terms of material consistency, logistical complexity, and regulatory hurdles. As with any technological innovation, the key to its successful implementation lies in careful planning and rigorous testing.

然而，它也帶來了重大挑戰，特別是在材料一致性、物流複雜性和監管障礙方面。與任何技術創新一樣，其成功實施的關鍵在於仔細規劃和嚴格測試。

While 3D concrete printing may not be a panacea for all of Taiwan’s construction challenges, it represents a significant step forward in the quest for more resilient, efficient, and sustainable urban development.

雖然3D混凝土列印可能無法解決台灣所有的建築挑戰，但它代表了在追求更具韌性、高效和永續的城市發展方面邁出的重要一步。

As the technology continues to evolve, it is likely to play an increasingly important role in shaping the skylines of Taiwan’s cities, offering a glimpse of a future where the built environment is as dynamic and adaptable as the people who inhabit it.

隨著這項技術的不斷發展，它很可能在塑造台灣城市天際線方面發揮越來越重要的作用，為我們提供一個未來的一瞥，在這個未來中，建築環境與居住其中的人們一樣充滿活力且適應性強。