前幾天我前往花蓮玉山神學院,在原宣辦理的青年營隊擔任工作坊講師,主題雖然是自媒體議題倡議,我也有舉普世教會怎樣關切原住民族權利。(畢竟是對教會說話)順便分享本期刊出的《台灣教會公報》普世專欄,網站連結
【普世眺望】國慶到哀悼,澳洲原住民的聲音
國家的節慶對社會上大部分的人來說就是放假的日子。但從原住民的角度而言,可能是回憶起創傷和痛苦的日子。
甫結束的1月26日澳洲國慶日,在墨爾本發生了船長庫克(James Cook)、維多利亞女王(Queen Victoria)等英國殖民時期人物的雕像遭到破壞、砍倒、潑漆等示威抗議新聞,越來越多原權支持人士,認為國慶日應該改為紀念為原住民族苦難的「哀悼日」(The Day of Mourning)。
不管是政治意義或歷史意義上,「國家」與「原住民」是相對的兩個主體,前者也往往代表了入侵、掠奪、占領與屠殺的一方。澳洲政府曾經在1910 至1970年代實施同化政策,教會界在其中則扮演了共犯者的角色。當時的原民兒童被送往教會開辦的孤兒院和寄宿學校,在這些學校裡發生了人權剝奪和侵犯。而這些原民孩童的身體、文化與認同被強制斷根,成為「失竊的世代」(Lost generations)。
1957 年,在聯邦和州政府、教會和主要原住民組織的支持與合作下,成立了全國原住民日紀念委員會 (NADOC)。1996年,澳洲聯合教會(UCA)為教育同化政策道歉。澳洲當地也有「團結原住民與島民基督教議會」(Uniting Aboriginal and Islander Christian Congress,UAICC)、由原住民主導的治癒基金會(Healing Foundation)等團體持續為原權倡議。
今年,澳洲聯合教會也在各地舉行哀悼日禮拜(UCA Day of Mourning services),並發布說明:「……我們致力於坦誠面對歷史,並與原住民共同面對這一天所帶來的痛苦和哀悼。」
(Although Australia Day is a time to reflect on what we’re grateful for about this country, we are committed to marking this day with respect and in honour of the survival of the world's oldest living culture. We are committed to being honest about history and standing in solidarity with First Peoples in the pain and mourning related to this day. )
教會也鼓勵人們參與特定集會,鼓勵人們手持標語,為設立條約、傳遞真相、關注羈押中死亡的族人、提高平餘命、土地正義等倡議來發聲。
全球最大的普世教會組織WCC第11次大會(2022)中,重申第10次大會(2013)年的決議,包括呼籲教會成員
1.尊重原住民族的靈性(spiritualities)觀點,支持世界各地原住民族自決
2.反思歷史,對多元處境中原住民族困境有更深的理解
3.協助原住民族代表團參與聯合國的倡議活動
4.針對原住民族的土地,致力消除壓迫性法律和政策
5.協調WCC成員教會為原住民族權利工作的溝通等。
The World Council of Churches (WCC) has a longstanding commitment to solidarity with Indigenous Peoples and to promoting their concerns, especially the need to respect and uphold their inherent rights and dignity.
While reaffirming the commitment to work on Indigenous Peoples’ issues, the WCC assembly, meeting in Busan, Republic of Korea, from 30 October to 8 November 2013:
Calls on member churches to:
- respect Indigenous Peoples’ spiritualities and support the aspirations of self-determination of indigenous communities around the world;
- reflect upon their own histories and seek greater understanding of the plights of Indigenous Peoples in different contexts;
- provide assistance to Indigenous Peoples’ delegations to participate in advocacy efforts at the United Nations;
-support and strengthen the efforts of indigenous communities working to dismantle oppressive laws and policies that legitimize continued colonial practices on their lands; and
- coordinate communications among the member churches of the WCC and ecumenical actors working for Indigenous Peoples’ rights.
Recommends that the general secretary:
- give special attention to Indigenous People’s issues during the next programme period of the WCC; and
- maintain the Indigenous Peoples’ programme with adequate staff in the WCC’s Geneva office, to coordinate, facilitate and realize its programmatic commitments.
台灣的教會也應站在信仰反省、歷史正義的行動上,關注普世教會界中的倡議與原權返還,這些行動也值得占據絕對多數的非原住民人口的台灣教會界自省。